实例讲解PHP面向对象之多态
这篇文章主要介绍了实例讲解PHP面向对象之多态,本文用实例讲解什么情况下使用PHP的多态、多态的好处等内容,可以充分帮你理解多态,需要的朋友可以参考下
什么是多态性?
多态性是继数据库抽象和继承后,面向对象语言的第三个特征。多态即多种形态,具有表现多种形态的能力特征。在面向对象中表示根据对象的类型以不同方式处理。多态性允许每个对象以适合自身的方式去响应共同的消息。多态性增强了软件的灵活性和重用性。
如我们创建一个doing()方法,如果是学生则打印上课,如是公司职员则打印上班。
普通做法
使用if判断
复制代码 代码如下:
/**
* PHP多态性
* 琼台博客
*/
// 定义学生类
class student{
public function cla(){
echo "学生工正在上课!
";
}
}
// 定义职员类
class office{
public function Wor(){
echo "职员正在上班!
";
}
}
// 判断对象类型方法
function doing($obj){
if($obj instanceof student){
$obj->cla();
}elseif($obj instanceof office){
$obj->wor();
}else{
echo "没有这个对象!";
}
}
doing(new student()); // 学生正在上课
doing(new office()); // 职员正在上班
以上结果输出:
学生正在上课
职员正在上班
这种普通方法有个缺点,就是对象如果很多,,那么if..else..很长,不灵活。
多态性做法
定义一个公共抽象方法,所有子类继承它。
复制代码 代码如下:
/**
* PHP多态性
* 琼台博客
*/
// 定义一个公共类
class pub{
protected function working(){
echo "本方法需要在子类中重载!";
}
}
// 定义学生类,继承公共类pub
class student extends pub{
public function working(){
echo "学生工正在上课!
";
}
}
// 定义职员类,继承公共类pub
class office extends pub{
public function working(){
echo "职员正在上班!
";
}
}
// 判断对象类型方法
function doing($obj){
if($obj instanceof pub){
$obj->working();
}else{
echo "没有这个对象!";
}
}
doing(new student()); // 学生正在上课
doing(new office()); // 职员正在上班
这就是多态的特性,灵活重用。
其它做法
从多态性的实现方式来看,无非就规范了每个类都要重载父类的一个方法,从而达到统一效果。而我们在定义类的时候,自行加上统一的方法也可行。因此以上例子也可以这么实现:
复制代码 代码如下:
/**
* PHP多态性
* 琼台博客
*/
// 定义学生类
class student{
// 定义统一的方法pub
public function pub(){
echo "学生工正在上课!
";
}
}
// 定义职员类
class office{
// 定义统一的方法pub
public function pub(){
echo "职员正在上班!
";
}
}
// 判断对象类型方法
function doing($obj){
if($obj){
// 调用类的统一方法
$obj->pub();
}else{
echo '没有这个对象';
}
}
doing(new student()); // 学生正在上课
doing(new office()); // 职员正在上班
当然,以上的例子不能说明多态性就能使用这样的方式搞定,毕竟多态性在复杂的程序设计中,它能有效的达到灵活重用的特性。
多态性也可以理解为一种程序设计方式,而程序设计最终目的无非就是:灵活,多态,重用,高效。

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