关于HTTP Keep-Alive
只知道他可以保持长连接,有个小小的疑问,他是如何辨别是否是同个用户的,是IP吗? 如果是的话哪整局域网都可以用得到这个长链接对吗?
回复内容:
只知道他可以保持长连接,有个小小的疑问,他是如何辨别是否是同个用户的,是IP吗? 如果是的话哪整局域网都可以用得到这个长链接对吗?
tcp协议中包含四个要素源地址 源端口号 目的地址 目的端口号,双方从建立通信开始,这四项就是固定的,假设http服务器是监听80端口,那么对于客户端浏览器来说,这四要素就是浏览器ip
浏览器操作系统给当前请求分配的socket句柄端口号
web服务器地址
80
。浏览器在建立socket前,需要先向操作系统申请一个socket句柄,申请成功后就得到一个本地的socket句柄端口号,然后和服务器通过三次握手建立TCP连接。建立连接后,在服务器端也会有一个对应的socket句柄。同时在TCP层,每个TCP请求都还有一个seq编号,在TCP握手的时候产生的。双方进行通信的时候,网卡中得到的数据包中解析出这个seq号,就知道是对应哪个socket句柄了。
首先,连接在建立的时候就已经确立了连接的双方,也只有位于已经确立的连接两端的用户可以使用这个长连接。
你在电脑上打开浏览器连接网站,在确立连接的过程中,是你的电脑与网站服务器建立的连接,在连接保持的过程中,其他电脑是没法借用你这个连接的。
连接的形成是终端(你的电脑、网站的服务器)通过 socket 端口套接字形成的映射关系,判断和识别这个连接,也是通过对应主机的端口来实现的。
session.
长链接、短链接指的是 TCP 层的事情。HTTP层的用户识别还是通过 SESSION。
1.HTTP 的 Keep-Alive 指的是 TCP/IP Socket 的长连接,即用户浏览器=>Web容器的这一段来处理这个问题,与你的代码无关。
2.保持长连接,是为了在短时间内,同一个Client下次再次向本服务器的Web容器发起请求,不用再次进行握手建立连接这一繁杂的阶段,节省服务器的处理时间,以及提升下一次请求的处理速度。
3.对于一个 Socket (套接字)来说,已经建立的一个 TCP 连接,是针对于一个IP的一个发起请求的端口,以及远端服务器的一个IP的一个接受请求的端口而言的。由于HTTP 长连接是基于此的,所以并不是针对同一个用户的长连接,而是针对同一个连接的长连接。
4.路由器之所以能让内网所有用户使用同一个外网IP对外发起网络请求,是因为 NAT 机制,所以当一个内网用户对一个Web容器发起请求后,对于Web容器而言,与他建立连接的是该内网的最外层网络节点(比如路由器)。而当Web容器传回数据,路由器能够通过NAT overload,对数据包的目标进行区分,发送到指定的内网设备的端口上,不会存在内网所有设备串线的情况

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