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php 魔术方法详解

Jun 06, 2016 pm 08:17 PM
php magic method

本文给大家介绍了php面向对象当中的几个魔术方法,并对此进行一一详细介绍,希望对新手有所帮助。

从PHP 5以后的版本,PHP中的类就可以使用魔术方法了。其规定以两个下划线(__)开头的方法都保留为魔术方法,所以建议大家函数名最好不用__开头,除非是为了重载已有的魔术方法。PHP 将所有以 _ _(两个下划线)开头的类方法保留为魔术方法。

__toString() 和__invoke()

public string __toString ( void ):当对象被当做string使用时,这个方法会被自动调用。此方法必须返回一个字符串

复制代码 代码如下:


    class Magic{
        public function  __tostring(){
            return "hello world!";
        }
    }
    $obj = new Magic();
    echo $obj;//hello world!
?>

__invoke():当对象被当成方法调用时,这个方法会被自动调用。

复制代码 代码如下:


    class Magic{
        public function  __tostring(){
            return "hello world!";
        }
        public function __invoke($x){
            echo "__invoke called with param ".$x."\n";
        }
    }
    $obj = new Magic();
    $obj(10);//__invoke called with param 10
?>

__call()和__callStatic()

__call():当对象访问不存在的方法名称时,__call()方法会被自动调用

__callStatic():当对象访问不存在的静态方法名称时,__callStatic()方法会被自动调用

通过这两个方法,同一个方法的名称的调用可以对应不同的方法实现

复制代码 代码如下:


class Magic{
   //`$name` 参数是要调用的方法名称。`$arguments` 参数是一个枚举数组,,
  //包含着要传递给方法 `$name` 的参数。
        public function __call($name,$arguments){
            //implode() 函数把数组元素组合为一个字符串。implode(separator,array)
            echo "Calling " . $name ." with param: ".implode(", ",$arguments)."\n";
        }
    }
$obj = new Magic();
$obj->run("para1","para2");//obj去调用run方法,输出:Calling run with param: para1, para2  
?>

__get()和__set()

在给不可访问属性赋值时,__set()会被调用
读取不可访问属性的值时,__get()会被调用

复制代码 代码如下:


class Magic{
     //function 前要有static关键字
    public function __get($name){
        return "Getting the property " . $name;
    }
}
$obj = new Magic();
echo $obj->className."\n";//Getting the property className
?>

读取不可访问属性的值时,__get()会被调用

复制代码 代码如下:


class Magic{

    public function __set($name,$value){
        echo "Setting the property " . $name ."to value ". $value ."\n";
    }
}
$obj = new Magic();
$obj->className = 'MagicClass';//Setting the property classNameto value MagicClass
?>

__isset()和__unset()

当对不可访问属性调用isset()或empty()时,__isset()会被调用
当对不可访问属性调用unset()时,__unset()会被调用

复制代码 代码如下:


class Magic{
    public function __isset($name){
        echo "__isset invoked\n";
        return true;
    }
}
$obj = new Magic();
echo '$obj->className is set?'.isset($obj->className)."\n";//__isset invoked     $obj->className is set?1
?>

以上便是8个php面向对象的魔术方法的介绍与示例,希望对大家能有所帮助

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