New features from PHP5.5 to PHP7.2

<?php
const ONE = 1;
const TWO = ONE * 2;
class C {
    const THREE = TWO + 1;
    const ONE_THIRD = ONE / self::THREE;
    const SENTENCE = &#39;The value of THREE is &#39;.self::THREE;
}

<?php
const ARR = [&#39;a&#39;, &#39;b&#39;];
echo ARR[0];

<?php
function f($req, $opt = null, ...$params) {
    // $params 是一个包含了剩余参数的数组
    printf(&#39;$req: %d; $opt: %d; number of params: %d&#39;."\n",
           $req, $opt, count($params));
}
f(1);
f(1, 2);
f(1, 2, 3);
f(1, 2, 3, 4);
?>

$req: 1; $opt: 0; number of params: 0
$req: 1; $opt: 2; number of params: 0
$req: 1; $opt: 2; number of params: 1
$req: 1; $opt: 2; number of params: 2

<?php
function add($a, $b, $c) {
    return $a + $b + $c;
}
$operators = [2, 3];
echo add(1, ...$operators);
?>

6

<?php
namespace Name\Space {
    const FOO = 42;
    function f() { echo __FUNCTION__."\n"; }
}
namespace {
    use const Name\Space\FOO;
    use function Name\Space\f;
    echo FOO."\n";
    f();
}
?>

42
Name\Space\f

<?php
// Coercive mode
function sumOfInts(int ...$ints)
{
    return array_sum($ints);
}
var_dump(sumOfInts(2, &#39;3&#39;, 4.1));

int(9)

<?php
function arraysSum(array ...$arrays): array
{
    return array_map(function(array $array): int {
        return array_sum($array);
    }, $arrays);
}

<?php
// Fetches the value of $_GET[&#39;user&#39;] and returns &#39;nobody&#39; if it does not exist.
$username = $_GET[&#39;user&#39;] ?? &#39;nobody&#39;;
// This is equivalent to:
$username = isset($_GET[&#39;user&#39;]) ? $_GET[&#39;user&#39;] : &#39;nobody&#39;;
// Coalesces can be chained: this will return the first defined value out of $_GET[&#39;user&#39;], $_POST[&#39;user&#39;], and &#39;nobody&#39;.
$username = $_GET[&#39;user&#39;] ?? $_POST[&#39;user&#39;] ?? &#39;nobody&#39;;
?>

<?php
// 整数
echo 1 <=> &#39;1&#39;; // 0
echo 1 <=> 2; // -1
echo 2 <=> 1; // 1
// 浮点数
echo &#39;1.50&#39; <=> 1.5; // 0
echo 1.5 <=> 2.5; // -1
echo 2.5 <=> 1.5; // 1
 
// 字符串
echo "a" <=> "a"; // 0
echo "a" <=> "b"; // -1
echo "b" <=> "a"; // 1
?>

define('ANIMALS', [
    'dog',
    'cat',
    'bird'
]);
echo ANIMALS[1]; // 输出 "cat"

<?php
class A {private $x = 1;}
// PHP 7 之前版本的代码
$getXCB = function() {return $this->x;};
$getX = $getXCB->bindTo(new A, &#39;A&#39;); // 中间层闭包
echo $getX();
// PHP 7+ 及更高版本的代码
$getX = function() {return $this->x;};
echo $getX->call(new A);

1

<?php
// PHP 7 之前的代码
use some\namespace\ClassA;
use some\namespace\ClassB;
use some\namespace\ClassC as C;
use function some\namespace\fn_a;
use function some\namespace\fn_b;
use function some\namespace\fn_c;
use const some\namespace\ConstA;
use const some\namespace\ConstB;
use const some\namespace\ConstC;
// PHP 7+ 及更高版本的代码
use some\namespace\{ClassA, ClassB, ClassC as C};
use function some\namespace\{fn_a, fn_b, fn_c};
use const some\namespace\{ConstA, ConstB, ConstC};
?>

<?php
function testReturn(): ?string
{
    return &#39;elePHPant&#39;;
}
var_dump(testReturn());
function testReturn(): ?string
{
    return null;
}
var_dump(testReturn());
function test(?string $name)
{
    var_dump($name);
}
test(&#39;elePHPant&#39;);
test(null);
test();

string(10) "elePHPant"
NULL
string(10) "elePHPant"
NULL
Uncaught Error: Too few arguments to function test(), 0 passed in...

<?php
function swap(&$left, &$right) : void
{
    if ($left === $right) {
        return;
    }
    $tmp = $left;
    $left = $right;
    $right = $tmp;
}
$a = 1;
$b = 2;
var_dump(swap($a, $b), $a, $b);

null
int(2)
int(1)
Symmetric array destructuring

<?php
$data = [
    [1, &#39;Tom&#39;],
    [2, &#39;Fred&#39;],
];
// list() style
list($id1, $name1) = $data[0];
// [] style
[$id1, $name1] = $data[0];
// list() style
foreach ($data as list($id, $name)) {
    // logic here with $id and $name
}
// [] style
foreach ($data as [$id, $name]) {
    // logic here with $id and $name
}

<?php
class ConstDemo
{
    const PUBLIC_CONST_A = 1;
    public const PUBLIC_CONST_B = 2;
    protected const PROTECTED_CONST = 3;
    private const PRIVATE_CONST = 4;
}

<?php
function iterator(iterable $iter) : iterable
{
    foreach ($iter as $val) {
        //
    }
}

<?php
try {
    // some code
} catch (FirstException | SecondException $e) {
    // handle first and second exceptions
}

<?php
$data = [
    ["id" => 1, "name" => &#39;Tom&#39;],
    ["id" => 2, "name" => &#39;Fred&#39;],
];
// list() style
list("id" => $id1, "name" => $name1) = $data[0];
// [] style
["id" => $id1, "name" => $name1] = $data[0];
// list() style
foreach ($data as list("id" => $id, "name" => $name)) {
    // logic here with $id and $name
}
// [] style
foreach ($data as ["id" => $id, "name" => $name]) {
    // logic here with $id and $name
}

<?php
function test(object $obj) : object
{
    return new SplQueue();
}
test(new StdClass());

abstract class A
{
    abstract function test(string $s);
}
abstract class B extends A
{
    // overridden - still maintaining contravariance for parameters and covariance for return
    abstract function test($s) : int;
}

interface A
{
    public function Test(array $input);
}
class B implements A
{
    public function Test($input){} // type omitted for $input
}

use Foo\Bar\{
    Foo,
    Bar,
    Baz,
};