


Play with python selenium mouse and keyboard operations (ActionChains)
When using Selenium for automation, sometimes you will encounter situations where you need to simulate mouse operations, such as clicking, double-clicking, right-clicking, dragging, etc. Selenium provides us with a class to handle such events - ActionChains
##selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains.ActionChains(driver)
1. Basic usage of ActionChains
First of all, you need to understand the execution principle of ActionChains. When you call the method of ActionChains, it will not be executed immediately, but all the Operations are stored in a queue in order. When you call the perform() method, the times in the queue will be executed sequentially. In this case we can have two calling methods:
•Chain writing method
menu = driver.find_element_by_css_selector(".nav") hidden_submenu = driver.find_element_by_css_selector(".nav #submenu1") ActionChains(driver).move_to_element(menu).click(hidden_submenu).perform()
•Step-by-step writing
menu = driver.find_element_by_css_selector(".nav") hidden_submenu = driver.find_element_by_css_selector(".nav #submenu1") actions = ActionChains(driver) actions.move_to_element(menu) actions.click(hidden_submenu) actions.perform()
2.ActionChains method list
3. Code examples
1. Click operationExample URL http://www.php.cn/;# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChains from time import sleep driver = webdriver.Firefox() driver.implicitly_wait(10) driver.maximize_window() driver.get('http://sahitest.com/demo/clicks.htm') click_btn = driver.find_element_by_xpath('//input[@value="click me"]') # 单击按钮 doubleclick_btn = driver.find_element_by_xpath('//input[@value="dbl click me"]') # 双击按钮 rightclick_btn = driver.find_element_by_xpath('//input[@value="right click me"]') # 右键单击按钮 ActionChains(driver).click(click_btn).double_click(doubleclick_btn).context_click(rightclick_btn).perform() # 链式用法 print driver.find_element_by_name('t2').get_attribute('value') sleep(2) driver.quit()
[CLICK][DOUBLE_CLICK][RIGHT_CLICK]2. Mouse movement
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChains from time import sleep driver = webdriver.Firefox() driver.implicitly_wait(10) driver.maximize_window() driver.get('http://sahitest.com/demo/mouseover.htm') write = driver.find_element_by_xpath('//input[@value="Write on hover"]') # 鼠标移动到此元素,在下面的input框中会显示“Mouse moved” blank = driver.find_element_by_xpath('//input[@value="Blank on hover"]') # 鼠标移动到此元素,会清空下面input框中的内容 result = driver.find_element_by_name('t1') action = ActionChains(driver) action.move_to_element(write).perform() # 移动到write,显示“Mouse moved” print result.get_attribute('value') # action.move_to_element(blank).perform() action.move_by_offset(10, 50).perform() # 移动到距离当前位置(10,50)的点,与上句效果相同,移动到blank上,清空 print result.get_attribute('value') action.move_to_element_with_offset(blank, 10, -40).perform() # 移动到距离blank元素(10,-40)的点,可移动到write上 print result.get_attribute('value') sleep(2) driver.quit()
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChains from time import sleep driver = webdriver.Firefox() driver.implicitly_wait(10) driver.maximize_window() driver.get('http://sahitest.com/demo/dragDropMooTools.htm') dragger = driver.find_element_by_id('dragger') # 被拖拽元素 item1 = driver.find_element_by_xpath('//p[text()="Item 1"]') # 目标元素1 item2 = driver.find_element_by_xpath('//p[text()="Item 2"]') # 目标2 item3 = driver.find_element_by_xpath('//p[text()="Item 3"]') # 目标3 item4 = driver.find_element_by_xpath('//p[text()="Item 4"]') # 目标4 action = ActionChains(driver) action.drag_and_drop(dragger, item1).perform() # 1.移动dragger到目标1 sleep(2) action.click_and_hold(dragger).release(item2).perform() # 2.效果与上句相同,也能起到移动效果 sleep(2) action.click_and_hold(dragger).move_to_element(item3).release().perform() # 3.效果与上两句相同,也能起到移动的效果 sleep(2) # action.drag_and_drop_by_offset(dragger, 400, 150).perform() # 4.移动到指定坐标 action.click_and_hold(dragger).move_by_offset(400, 150).release().perform() # 5.与上一句相同,移动到指定坐标 sleep(2) driver.quit()
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChains from time import sleep driver = webdriver.Firefox() driver.implicitly_wait(10) driver.maximize_window() driver.get('http://sahitest.com/demo/keypress.htm') key_up_radio = driver.find_element_by_id('r1') # 监测按键升起 key_down_radio = driver.find_element_by_id('r2') # 监测按键按下 key_press_radio = driver.find_element_by_id('r3') # 监测按键按下升起 enter = driver.find_elements_by_xpath('//form[@name="f1"]/input')[1] # 输入框 result = driver.find_elements_by_xpath('//form[@name="f1"]/input')[0] # 监测结果 # 监测key_down key_down_radio.click() ActionChains(driver).key_down(Keys.CONTROL, enter).key_up(Keys.CONTROL).perform() print result.get_attribute('value') # 监测key_up key_up_radio.click() enter.click() ActionChains(driver).key_down(Keys.SHIFT).key_up(Keys.SHIFT).perform() print result.get_attribute('value') # 监测key_press key_press_radio.click() enter.click() ActionChains(driver).send_keys('a').perform() print result.get_attribute('value') driver.quit()
Result: key downed charCode=[0] keyCode=[17] CTRL
key upped charCode=[0] keyCode=[16] NONE
key pressed charCode=[97] keyCode=[0] NONE
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChains from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys from time import sleep driver = webdriver.Firefox() driver.implicitly_wait(10) driver.maximize_window() driver.get('http://sahitest.com/demo/label.htm') input1 = driver.find_elements_by_tag_name('input')[3] input2 = driver.find_elements_by_tag_name('input')[4] action = ActionChains(driver) input1.click() action.send_keys('Test Keys').perform() action.key_down(Keys.CONTROL).send_keys('a').key_up(Keys.CONTROL).perform() # ctrl+a action.key_down(Keys.CONTROL).send_keys('c').key_up(Keys.CONTROL).perform() # ctrl+c action.key_down(Keys.CONTROL, input2).send_keys('v').key_up(Keys.CONTROL).perform() # ctrl+v print input1.get_attribute('value') print input2.get_attribute('value') driver.quit()
Test Keys

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