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Detailed introduction to the path PATH module of nodeJS

黄舟

May 31, 2017 am 10:13 AM

本篇文章主要介绍了详解nodeJS之路径PATH模块，小编觉得挺不错的，现在分享给大家，也给大家做个参考。一起跟随小编过来看看吧

前面的话

path模块包含一系列处理和转换文件路径的工具集，通过 require('path') 可用来访问这个模块。本文将详细介绍path模块

路径组成

【path.dirname(p)】

返回路径p所在的目录

var path = require(&#39;path&#39;);
console.log(path.dirname(&#39;/foo/bar/baz/asdf/a.txt&#39;)); // /foo/bar/baz/asdf
console.log(path.dirname(&#39;/foo/bar/baz/asdf/&#39;)); // /foo/bar/baz
console.log(path.dirname(&#39;C:/test/aaa&#39;)); // C:/test

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【path.basename(p[, ext])】

返回路径的最后一个部分，即文件名。参数ext为需要截掉的后缀内容　

var path = require(&#39;path&#39;);
console.log(path.basename(&#39;/foo/bar/baz/asdf/a.txt&#39;)); // a.txt
console.log(path.basename(&#39;/foo/bar/baz/asdf/a.txt&#39;,&#39;.txt&#39;)); // a
console.log(path.basename(&#39;/foo/bar/baz/asdf/&#39;)); // asdf
console.log(path.basename(&#39;C:/test/aaa&#39;)); // aaa

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【path.extname(p)】

返回路径p的扩展名，从最后一个'.'到字符串的末尾。如果最后一个部分没有'.'，或者路径是以'.'开头，则返回空字符串

var path = require(&#39;path&#39;);
console.log(path.extname(&#39;/foo/bar/baz/asdf/a.txt&#39;)); // .txt
console.log(path.extname(&#39;/foo/bar/baz/asdf/a.txt.b&#39;)); // .b
console.log(path.extname(&#39;/foo/bar/baz/asdf/a.&#39;)); // .
console.log(path.extname(&#39;C:/test/aaa/.&#39;)); // &#39;&#39;
console.log(path.extname(&#39;C:/test/aaa&#39;)); // &#39;&#39;

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分隔符

【path.sep】

返回对应平台下的文件分隔符，win下为'\'，*nix下为'/'

var path = require(&#39;path&#39;);
console.log(path.sep); // win下为\，*nix下为/
console.log(&#39;foo\\bar\\baz&#39;.split(path.sep)); // [ &#39;foo&#39;, &#39;bar&#39;, &#39;baz&#39; ]
console.log(&#39;foo/bar/baz&#39;.split(path.sep)); // win下返回[&#39;foo/bar/baz&#39;]，但在*nix系统下会返回[&#39;foo&#39;,&#39;bar&#39;,&#39;baz&#39;]

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【path.delimiter】

返回对应平台下的路径分隔符，win下为';'，*nix下为':'

var path = require(&#39;path&#39;);
console.log(path.delimiter); //win下为“;”，*nix下为“:”
console.log(path.sep); // win下为\，*nix下为/

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规范化

【path.normalize(p)】

规范化路径，处理冗余的“..”、“.”、“/”字符。发现多个斜杠时，会替换成一个斜杠。当路径末尾包含一个斜杠时，保留。Windows系统使用反斜杠　

var path = require(&#39;path&#39;);
console.log(path.normalize(&#39;a/b/c/../user/bin&#39;));//a\b\user\bin
console.log(path.normalize(&#39;a/b/c///../user/bin/&#39;));//a\b\user\bin\
console.log(path.normalize(&#39;a/b/c/../../user/bin&#39;));//a\user\bin
console.log(path.normalize(&#39;a/b/c/.././///../user/bin/..&#39;));//a\user
console.log(path.normalize(&#39;a/b/c/../../user/bin/../../&#39;));//a\
console.log(path.normalize(&#39;a/../../user/bin/../../&#39;));//..\
console.log(path.normalize(&#39;a/../../user/bin/../../../../&#39;));//..\..\..\
console.log(path.normalize(&#39;./a/.././user/bin/./&#39;));//user\bin\

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【path.join([path1], [path2], [...])】

将多个路径结合在一起，并转换为规范化路径　

var path = require(&#39;path&#39;);
console.log(path.join(&#39;////./a&#39;, &#39;b////c&#39;, &#39;user/&#39;));//\a\b\c\user
console.log(path.join(&#39;a&#39;, &#39;../../&#39;, &#39;user/&#39;));//..\user\

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绝对和相对

【path.resolve([from ...], to)】

从源地址 from 到目的地址 to 的绝对路径，类似在shell里执行一系列的cd命令

1	`path.resolve('foo/bar', '/tmp/file/', '..', 'a/../subfile')`

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类似于:

cd foo/bar
cd /tmp/file/
cd ..
cd a/../subfile
pwd

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[注意]如果某个from或to参数是绝对路径（比如 'E:/abc'，或是以“/”开头的路径），则将忽略之前的from参数

var path = require(&#39;path&#39;);
console.log(path.resolve(&#39;.&#39;, &#39;testFiles/..&#39;, &#39;trdLayer&#39;));//D:\project\trdLayer
console.log(path.resolve(&#39;..&#39;, &#39;testFiles&#39;, &#39;a.txt&#39;));//D:\testFiles\a.txt
console.log(path.resolve(&#39;D:&#39;, &#39;abc&#39;, &#39;D:/a&#39;));//D:\a
console.log(path.resolve(&#39;abc&#39;, &#39;ok.gif&#39;));//D:\project\abc\ok.gif
console.log(path.resolve(&#39;abc&#39;, &#39;..&#39;, &#39;a/../subfile&#39;)); //D:\project\subfile

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【path.isAbsolute(path)】

path是一个绝对路径(比如 'E:/abc')，或者是以“/”开头的路径，二者都会返回true

var path = require(&#39;path&#39;);
console.log(path.isAbsolute(&#39;../testFiles/secLayer&#39;));//false
console.log(path.isAbsolute(&#39;./join.js&#39;));//false
console.log(path.isAbsolute(&#39;temp&#39;));//false
console.log(path.isAbsolute(&#39;/temp/../..&#39;));//true
console.log(path.isAbsolute(&#39;E:/github/nodeAPI/abc/efg&#39;));//true
console.log(path.isAbsolute(&#39;///temp123&#39;));//true

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【path.relative(from, to)】

获取从 from 到 to 的相对路径，可以看作 path.resolve 的相反实现

path.resolve(from, path.relative(from, to)) == path.resolve(to)
 
var path = require(&#39;path&#39;);
console.log(path.relative(&#39;C:\\\test&#39;, &#39;C:\\\impl\\bbb&#39;));//..\impl\bbb
console.log(path.relative(&#39;C:/test/aaa&#39;, &#39;C:/bbb&#39;));//..\..\bbb
console.log(path.relative(&#39;C:/test/aaa&#39;, &#39;D:/bbb&#39;));//D:\bbb

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