Summary of examples of vector class usage in Java
The implementation of Vector and ArrayList are basically similar. They are also based on dynamic arrays and also need to be expanded. Here are three short examples to help you understand vector:
Basic operation examples
VectorApp.java
import java.util.Vector;
import java.lang.*;
import java.util.Enumeration;
public class VectorApp
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
Vector v1 = new Vector();
Integer integer1= new Integer(1);
//加入为字符串对象
v1.addElement("one");
//加入的为integer的对象
v1.addElement(integer1);
v1.addElement(integer1);
v1.addElement("two");
v1.addElement(new Integer(2));
v1.addElement(integer1);
v1.addElement(integer1);
//转为字符串并打印
System.out.println("The Vector v1 is:\n\t"+v1);
//向指定位置插入新对象
v1.insertElement("three",2);
v1.insertElement(new Float(3.9),3);
System.out.println("The Vector v1(used method
insertElementAt()is:\n\t)"+v1);
//将指定位置的对象设置为新的对象
//指定位置后的对象依次往后顺延
v1.setElementAt("four",2);
System.out.println("The vector v1 cused method setElmentAt()is:\n\t"+v1);
v1.removeElement(integer1);
//从向量对象v1中删除对象integer1
//由于存在多个integer1,所以从头开始。
//找删除找到的第一个integer1.
Enumeration enum = v1.elements();
System.out.println("The vector v1 (used method removeElememt()is");
while(enum.hasMoreElements())
System.out.println(enum.nextElement()+"");
System.out.println();
//使用枚举类(Enumeration)的方法取得向量对象的每个元素。
System.out.println("The position of Object1(top-to-botton):"+v1.indexOf(integer1));
System.out.println("The position of Object1(tottom-to-top):"+v1.lastIndexOf(integer1));
//按不同的方向查找对象integer1所处的位置
v1.setSize(4);
System.out.println("The new Vector(resized the vector)is:"+v1);
//重新设置v1的大小，多余的元素被抛弃
}
}Running results:
E:\java01>java VectorApp The vector v1 is:[one,1,1,two,2,1,1] The vector v1(used method insetElementAt()) is: [one,1,three,3.9,1,two,2,1,1] The vector v1(used method setElementAt()) is: [one,1,four,3.9,1,two,2,1,1] The vector v1(useed method removeElement()) is: one four 3.9 1 two 2 1 1 The position of object1(top-to-botton):3 The position of object1(botton-to-top):7 The new Vector(resized the vector) is: [one,four,3.9,1]
Vertor’s 1x expansion
Do you remember that ArrayList is expanded to 0.5 times the size of the metaarray each time? Vector is slightly different from ArrayList when performing expansion operations
protected int capacityIncrement;//用于指定每次扩容的容量
private void grow(int minCapacity) {
// overflow-conscious code
int oldCapacity = elementData.length;
int newCapacity = oldCapacity + ((capacityIncrement > 0) ?
capacityIncrement : oldCapacity);//如不指定capacityIncrement，默认扩容的容量为原数组的容量
if (newCapacity - minCapacity < 0)
newCapacity = minCapacity;
if (newCapacity - MAX_ARRAY_SIZE > 0)
newCapacity = hugeCapacity(minCapacity);
elementData = Arrays.copyOf(elementData, newCapacity);
}Careful friends can find that there is an additional capacityIncrement variable in Vector, which is used to specify the increment of each expansion. If this variable is not specified, In grow, you can find that Vector is expanded to 1 times the original array by default
Thread safety
Vertor is thread safe!
Another conspicuous thing in the Vertor source code is that most methods have the synchronized keyword. Everyone knows that this keyword is used for thread synchronization, so the Vector class is thread-safe!
But even if all its methods are modified to be synchronized, it does not mean that synchronization will never be needed when calling it:
private static Vector<Integer> vector=new Vector<Integer>();
public static void main(String[] args) {
while(true)
{
for(int i=0;i<10;i++)
{
vector.add(i);
}
Thread removeThread=new Thread(new Runnable(){
@Override
public void run()
{
for(int i=0;i<vector.size();i++)
{
vector.remove(i);
}
}
});
Thread printThread=new Thread(new Runnable(){
@Override
public void run()
{
for(int i=0;i<vector.size();i++)
{
System.out.println(vector.get(i));
}
}
});
removeThread.start();
printThread.start();
while(Thread.activeCount()>20);
}
}After everyone runs this code for a short period of time You will find an ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException exception. Although the get, remove, and size methods of Vector are synchronized, in a multi-threaded environment, if no additional synchronization measures are taken on the method side, this code is still unsafe. If a thread deletes After getting the element with serial number i, if another thread accesses this i, an exception will be thrown directly. Therefore, to ensure the safety of this code, you need to add synchronized modification in the run.
The above is the use of vector class in Java The content of the sample summary, please pay attention to the PHP Chinese website (www.php.cn) for more related content!
Hot AI Tools
Undresser.AI Undress
AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos
AI Clothes Remover
Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.
Undress AI Tool
Undress images for free
Clothoff.io
AI clothes remover
Video Face Swap
Swap faces in any video effortlessly with our completely free AI face swap tool!
Hot Article
Hot Tools
Notepad++7.3.1
Easy-to-use and free code editor
SublimeText3 Chinese version
Chinese version, very easy to use
Zend Studio 13.0.1
Powerful PHP integrated development environment
Dreamweaver CS6
Visual web development tools
SublimeText3 Mac version
God-level code editing software (SublimeText3)
Hot Topics
Java Spring Interview Questions
Aug 30, 2024 pm 04:29 PM
In this article, we have kept the most asked Java Spring Interview Questions with their detailed answers. So that you can crack the interview.
Break or return from Java 8 stream forEach?
Feb 07, 2025 pm 12:09 PM
Java 8 introduces the Stream API, providing a powerful and expressive way to process data collections. However, a common question when using Stream is: How to break or return from a forEach operation? Traditional loops allow for early interruption or return, but Stream's forEach method does not directly support this method. This article will explain the reasons and explore alternative methods for implementing premature termination in Stream processing systems. Further reading: Java Stream API improvements Understand Stream forEach The forEach method is a terminal operation that performs one operation on each element in the Stream. Its design intention is
PHP: A Key Language for Web Development
Apr 13, 2025 am 12:08 AM
PHP is a scripting language widely used on the server side, especially suitable for web development. 1.PHP can embed HTML, process HTTP requests and responses, and supports a variety of databases. 2.PHP is used to generate dynamic web content, process form data, access databases, etc., with strong community support and open source resources. 3. PHP is an interpreted language, and the execution process includes lexical analysis, grammatical analysis, compilation and execution. 4.PHP can be combined with MySQL for advanced applications such as user registration systems. 5. When debugging PHP, you can use functions such as error_reporting() and var_dump(). 6. Optimize PHP code to use caching mechanisms, optimize database queries and use built-in functions. 7
PHP vs. Python: Understanding the Differences
Apr 11, 2025 am 12:15 AM
PHP and Python each have their own advantages, and the choice should be based on project requirements. 1.PHP is suitable for web development, with simple syntax and high execution efficiency. 2. Python is suitable for data science and machine learning, with concise syntax and rich libraries.
Java Program to Find the Volume of Capsule
Feb 07, 2025 am 11:37 AM
Capsules are three-dimensional geometric figures, composed of a cylinder and a hemisphere at both ends. The volume of the capsule can be calculated by adding the volume of the cylinder and the volume of the hemisphere at both ends. This tutorial will discuss how to calculate the volume of a given capsule in Java using different methods. Capsule volume formula The formula for capsule volume is as follows: Capsule volume = Cylindrical volume Volume Two hemisphere volume in, r: The radius of the hemisphere. h: The height of the cylinder (excluding the hemisphere). Example 1 enter Radius = 5 units Height = 10 units Output Volume = 1570.8 cubic units explain Calculate volume using formula: Volume = π × r2 × h (4
PHP vs. Python: Core Features and Functionality
Apr 13, 2025 am 12:16 AM
PHP and Python each have their own advantages and are suitable for different scenarios. 1.PHP is suitable for web development and provides built-in web servers and rich function libraries. 2. Python is suitable for data science and machine learning, with concise syntax and a powerful standard library. When choosing, it should be decided based on project requirements.
PHP vs. Other Languages: A Comparison
Apr 13, 2025 am 12:19 AM
PHP is suitable for web development, especially in rapid development and processing dynamic content, but is not good at data science and enterprise-level applications. Compared with Python, PHP has more advantages in web development, but is not as good as Python in the field of data science; compared with Java, PHP performs worse in enterprise-level applications, but is more flexible in web development; compared with JavaScript, PHP is more concise in back-end development, but is not as good as JavaScript in front-end development.
Create the Future: Java Programming for Absolute Beginners
Oct 13, 2024 pm 01:32 PM
Java is a popular programming language that can be learned by both beginners and experienced developers. This tutorial starts with basic concepts and progresses through advanced topics. After installing the Java Development Kit, you can practice programming by creating a simple "Hello, World!" program. After you understand the code, use the command prompt to compile and run the program, and "Hello, World!" will be output on the console. Learning Java starts your programming journey, and as your mastery deepens, you can create more complex applications.
