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单元测试介绍
PHPUnit
Php 的单元覆盖率
Home Backend Development PHP Tutorial What is PHPUnit? How to use it in PHP project?

What is PHPUnit? How to use it in PHP project?

Apr 28, 2022 am 11:20 AM
php

什么是PHPUnit?在PHP项目中怎么使用?下面本篇文章给大家介绍一下在PHP项目中使用PHPUnit框架进行单元测试的方法,希望对大家有所帮助!

What is PHPUnit? How to use it in PHP project?

镜像地址 : PHPUnit简介以及如何在项目中使用 - 多厘(https://wulicode.com/php/vendor/phpunit-at-project/index.html)

官方文档:https://phpunit.readthedocs.io/zh_CN/latest/

单元测试介绍

单元测试是分别对程序的单元(方法, 函数)进行测试,判断执行结果是否符合预期

单元测试能协助开发者什么?

1.确保单元的执行结果

2.尽早发现程序中的错误

3.修改程序, 更加有信心

PHPUnit

PHPUnit 是 PHP 程式语言中最常见的单元测试 (unit testing) 框架,PHPUnit 是参考 xUnit 架构利用 PHP 实作出来。

安装PHPUnit

# 项目中安装
$ composer require --dev phpunit/phpunit

# 下载到本地
$ wget https://phar.phpunit.de/phpunit-9.phar
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使用项目中安装可以在项目中直接运行, 无需太多配置, 将 phar 下载到非项目文件夹, 可以减少项目代码的体积, 我一般采用下载到本地, 然后多个项目公用一个 phpunit.phar, 减少项目体积, 不过需要在 IDE中增加更多配置

配置autoload

添加下面的代码到composer.json PackageName是项目的名称,src是包含PHP class文件的文件夹地址,项目根目录下的子文件夹。

...
    "autoload": {
       "psr-4": {
            "PackageName\\": "src/",
            "PackageName\\Tests": "tests/"
        }
     },
...
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设置PHPUnit

在phpstorm中 Languages & Frameworks >PHP >Test Frameworks 根据不同的加载方式设置不同的配置

What is PHPUnit? How to use it in PHP project?

如果是项目额外加载, 则需要把 phpunit 所在的文件夹作为 library 加入项目, 便于代码提示 Preferences | Languages & Frameworks | PHP , 加入 phpunit 文件夹

What is PHPUnit? How to use it in PHP project?

编写PHPUnit测试

  • 针对类 Example 的测试写在类 ExampleTest 中, ExampleTest 继承自 TestCase

  • 对于方法的测试命名为 test* 的公用方法

  • 在测试方法内,类似于 assertEquals() 的断言方法用来对实际值和预期值的匹配做出验证

ArrayTest 用 PHPUnit 测试数组操作

<?php
use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase;

class ArrayTest extends TestCase
{
    public function testPushAndPop()
    {
        $stack = [];
        $this->assertCount(0, $stack);

        $stack[] = &#39;foo&#39;;
        $this->assertEquals(&#39;foo&#39;, $stack[count($stack) - 1]);
        $this->assertCount(1, $stack);

        $this->assertEquals(&#39;foo&#39;, array_pop($stack));
        $this->assertCount(0, $stack);
    }
}
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在 IDE 中运行

  • 点击方法名称
  • 右键测试类
  • 右键测试文件夹

What is PHPUnit? How to use it in PHP project?

PHPUnit 断言

laravel 中除了标准的 PHPUnit 断言(assertEquals(), assertContains(), assertInstanceOf(), …更多断言请看https://phpunit.readthedocs.io/zh_CN/latest/assertions.html?highlight=assertTrue#)之外, 还存在很多允许测试 web 应用的检测项目

assertPageLoaded($uri, $message = null)

检测最近的页面是否被加载, 如果不存在 url / message 时候会报错

assertResponseOk()

是否页面相应OK

assertReponseStatus($code)

是否响应指定的code

assertViewHas($key, $value = null)

视图中是否存在指定的数据

assertViewHasAll($bindings)

视图中是否存在指定的一系列数据

assertViewMissing($key)

指定视图中是否不存在这个数据

assertRedirectedTo($uri, $with = [])

检测是否重定向到指定的uri

assertRedirectedToRoute($name, $parameters = [], $with = [])

是否客户端重定向到指定的路由

assertRedirectedToAction($name, $parameters = [], $with = [])

是否重定向到 action

assertSessionHas($key, $value = null)

session 中是否存在 key/ value

assertSessionHasAll($bindings)

session 中是否存在指定的 kv

assertSessionHasErrors($bindings = [])

session 是否存在错误

assertHasOldInput()

session 中是否存在以前的数据

示例 xml 文件

phpunit.xml at 9.x · laravel

https://github.com/laravel/laravel/blob/9.x/phpunit.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<phpunit xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="./vendor/phpunit/phpunit/phpunit.xsd"
    bootstrap="vendor/autoload.php"
    colors="true">
    <testsuites>
        <testsuite name="Unit">
            <directory suffix="Test.php">./tests/Unit</directory>
        </testsuite>
        <testsuite name="Feature">
            <directory suffix="Test.php">./tests/Feature</directory>
        </testsuite>
    </testsuites>
    <coverage processUncoveredFiles="true">
        <include>
            <directory suffix=".php">./app</directory>
        </include>
    </coverage>
    <php>
        <env name="APP_ENV" value="testing"/>
        <env name="BCRYPT_ROUNDS" value="4"/>
        <env name="CACHE_DRIVER" value="array"/>
        <!-- <env name="DB_CONNECTION" value="sqlite"/> -->
        <!-- <env name="DB_DATABASE" value=":memory:"/> -->
        <env name="MAIL_MAILER" value="array"/>
        <env name="QUEUE_CONNECTION" value="sync"/>
        <env name="SESSION_DRIVER" value="array"/>
        <env name="TELESCOPE_ENABLED" value="false"/>
    </php>
</phpunit>
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Php 的单元覆盖率

安装 xdebug / Phpunit

# 安装 xdebug
$ pecl install xdebug
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启用 xdebug

# php.ini 文件
xdebug.mode = coverage
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What is PHPUnit? How to use it in PHP project?

What is PHPUnit? How to use it in PHP project?

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