What is PHPUnit? How to use it in PHP project?
什么是PHPUnit?在PHP项目中怎么使用?下面本篇文章给大家介绍一下在PHP项目中使用PHPUnit框架进行单元测试的方法,希望对大家有所帮助!
镜像地址 : PHPUnit简介以及如何在项目中使用 - 多厘(https://wulicode.com/php/vendor/phpunit-at-project/index.html)
官方文档:https://phpunit.readthedocs.io/zh_CN/latest/
单元测试介绍
单元测试是分别对程序的单元(方法, 函数)进行测试,判断执行结果是否符合预期
单元测试能协助开发者什么?
1.确保单元的执行结果
2.尽早发现程序中的错误
3.修改程序, 更加有信心
PHPUnit
PHPUnit 是 PHP 程式语言中最常见的单元测试 (unit testing) 框架,PHPUnit 是参考 xUnit 架构利用 PHP 实作出来。
安装PHPUnit
# 项目中安装 $ composer require --dev phpunit/phpunit # 下载到本地 $ wget https://phar.phpunit.de/phpunit-9.phar
使用项目中安装可以在项目中直接运行, 无需太多配置, 将 phar 下载到非项目文件夹, 可以减少项目代码的体积, 我一般采用下载到本地, 然后多个项目公用一个 phpunit.phar
, 减少项目体积, 不过需要在 IDE中增加更多配置
配置autoload
添加下面的代码到composer.json PackageName是项目的名称,src是包含PHP class文件的文件夹地址,项目根目录下的子文件夹。
... "autoload": { "psr-4": { "PackageName\\": "src/", "PackageName\\Tests": "tests/" } }, ...
设置PHPUnit
在phpstorm中 Languages & Frameworks >PHP >Test Frameworks
根据不同的加载方式设置不同的配置
如果是项目额外加载, 则需要把 phpunit 所在的文件夹作为 library 加入项目, 便于代码提示 Preferences | Languages & Frameworks | PHP
, 加入 phpunit 文件夹
编写PHPUnit测试
针对类
Example
的测试写在类ExampleTest
中,ExampleTest
继承自TestCase
对于方法的测试命名为
test*
的公用方法在测试方法内,类似于
assertEquals()
的断言方法用来对实际值和预期值的匹配做出验证
ArrayTest 用 PHPUnit 测试数组操作
<?php use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase; class ArrayTest extends TestCase { public function testPushAndPop() { $stack = []; $this->assertCount(0, $stack); $stack[] = 'foo'; $this->assertEquals('foo', $stack[count($stack) - 1]); $this->assertCount(1, $stack); $this->assertEquals('foo', array_pop($stack)); $this->assertCount(0, $stack); } }
在 IDE 中运行
- 点击方法名称
- 右键测试类
- 右键测试文件夹
PHPUnit 断言
laravel 中除了标准的 PHPUnit 断言(assertEquals()
, assertContains()
, assertInstanceOf()
, …更多断言请看https://phpunit.readthedocs.io/zh_CN/latest/assertions.html?highlight=assertTrue#
)之外, 还存在很多允许测试 web 应用的检测项目
assertPageLoaded($uri, $message = null)
检测最近的页面是否被加载, 如果不存在 url / message 时候会报错
assertResponseOk()
是否页面相应OK
assertReponseStatus($code)
是否响应指定的code
assertViewHas($key, $value = null)
视图中是否存在指定的数据
assertViewHasAll($bindings)
视图中是否存在指定的一系列数据
assertViewMissing($key)
指定视图中是否不存在这个数据
assertRedirectedTo($uri, $with = [])
检测是否重定向到指定的uri
assertRedirectedToRoute($name, $parameters = [], $with = [])
是否客户端重定向到指定的路由
assertRedirectedToAction($name, $parameters = [], $with = [])
是否重定向到 action
assertSessionHas($key, $value = null)
session 中是否存在 key/ value
assertSessionHasAll($bindings)
session 中是否存在指定的 kv
assertSessionHasErrors($bindings = [])
session 是否存在错误
assertHasOldInput()
session 中是否存在以前的数据
示例 xml 文件
phpunit.xml at 9.x · laravel
https://github.com/laravel/laravel/blob/9.x/phpunit.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <phpunit xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="./vendor/phpunit/phpunit/phpunit.xsd" bootstrap="vendor/autoload.php" colors="true"> <testsuites> <testsuite name="Unit"> <directory suffix="Test.php">./tests/Unit</directory> </testsuite> <testsuite name="Feature"> <directory suffix="Test.php">./tests/Feature</directory> </testsuite> </testsuites> <coverage processUncoveredFiles="true"> <include> <directory suffix=".php">./app</directory> </include> </coverage> <php> <env name="APP_ENV" value="testing"/> <env name="BCRYPT_ROUNDS" value="4"/> <env name="CACHE_DRIVER" value="array"/> <!-- <env name="DB_CONNECTION" value="sqlite"/> --> <!-- <env name="DB_DATABASE" value=":memory:"/> --> <env name="MAIL_MAILER" value="array"/> <env name="QUEUE_CONNECTION" value="sync"/> <env name="SESSION_DRIVER" value="array"/> <env name="TELESCOPE_ENABLED" value="false"/> </php> </phpunit>
Php 的单元覆盖率
安装 xdebug / Phpunit
# 安装 xdebug $ pecl install xdebug
启用 xdebug
# php.ini 文件 xdebug.mode = coverage
推荐学习:《PHP视频教程》
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