目录
一、单线程爬虫
二、优化为多线程爬虫
三、使用asyncio进一步优化
四、存入Mysql数据库
(一)建表
(二)将数据存入数据库中 
五、最终效果图 (已打码)
首页 后端开发 Python教程 Python爬虫:如何获取城市租房信息?

Python爬虫:如何获取城市租房信息?

May 07, 2023 pm 08:34 PM
python

    思路:先单线程爬虫,测试可以成功爬取之后再优化为多线程,最后存入数据库

    以爬取郑州市租房信息为例

    注意:本实战项目仅以学习为目的,为避免给网站造成太大压力,请将代码中的num修改成较小的数字,并将线程改小

    一、单线程爬虫

    # 用session取代requests
    # 解析库使用bs4
    # 并发库使用concurrent
    import requests
    # from lxml import etree    # 使用xpath解析
    from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
    from urllib import parse
    import re
    import time
     
    headers = {
        'referer': 'https://zz.zu.fang.com/',
        'user-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/86.0.4240.198 Safari/537.36',
        'cookie': 'global_cookie=ffzvt3kztwck05jm6twso2wjw18kl67hqft; city=zz; integratecover=1; __utma=147393320.427795962.1613371106.1613371106.1613371106.1; __utmc=147393320; __utmz=147393320.1613371106.1.1.utmcsr=zz.fang.com|utmccn=(referral)|utmcmd=referral|utmcct=/; __utmt_t0=1; __utmt_t1=1; __utmt_t2=1; ASP.NET_SessionId=aamzdnhzct4i5mx3ak4cyoyp; Rent_StatLog=23d82b94-13d6-4601-9019-ce0225c092f6; Captcha=61584F355169576F3355317957376E4F6F7552365351342B7574693561766E63785A70522F56557370586E3376585853346651565256574F37694B7074576B2B34536C5747715856516A4D3D; g_sourcepage=zf_fy%5Elb_pc; unique_cookie=U_ffzvt3kztwck05jm6twso2wjw18kl67hqft*6; __utmb=147393320.12.10.1613371106'
    }
    data={
        'agentbid':''
    }
     
    session = requests.session()
    session.headers = headers
     
    # 获取页面
    def getHtml(url):
        try:
            re = session.get(url)
            re.encoding = re.apparent_encoding
            return re.text
        except:
            print(re.status_code)
     
    # 获取页面总数量
    def getNum(text):
        soup = BeautifulSoup(text, 'lxml')
        txt = soup.select('.fanye .txt')[0].text
        # 取出“共**页”中间的数字
        num = re.search(r'\d+', txt).group(0)
        return num
     
    # 获取详细链接
    def getLink(tex):
        soup=BeautifulSoup(text,'lxml')
        links=soup.select('.title a')
        for link in links:
            href=parse.urljoin('https://zz.zu.fang.com/',link['href'])
            hrefs.append(href)
     
    # 解析页面
    def parsePage(url):
        res=session.get(url)
        if res.status_code==200:
            res.encoding=res.apparent_encoding
            soup=BeautifulSoup(res.text,'lxml')
            try:
                title=soup.select('div .title')[0].text.strip().replace(' ','')
                price=soup.select('div .trl-item')[0].text.strip()
                block=soup.select('.rcont #agantzfxq_C02_08')[0].text.strip()
                building=soup.select('.rcont #agantzfxq_C02_07')[0].text.strip()
                try:
                    address=soup.select('.trl-item2 .rcont')[2].text.strip()
                except:
                    address=soup.select('.trl-item2 .rcont')[1].text.strip()
                detail1=soup.select('.clearfix')[4].text.strip().replace('\n\n\n',',').replace('\n','')
                detail2=soup.select('.clearfix')[5].text.strip().replace('\n\n\n',',').replace('\n','')
                detail=detail1+detail2
                name=soup.select('.zf_jjname')[0].text.strip()
                buserid=re.search('buserid: \'(\d+)\'',res.text).group(1)
                phone=getPhone(buserid)
                print(title,price,block,building,address,detail,name,phone)
                house = (title, price, block, building, address, detail, name, phone)
                info.append(house)
            except:
                pass
        else:
            print(re.status_code,re.text)
     
    # 获取代理人号码
    def getPhone(buserid):
        url='https://zz.zu.fang.com/RentDetails/Ajax/GetAgentVirtualMobile.aspx'
        data['agentbid']=buserid
        res=session.post(url,data=data)
        if res.status_code==200:
            return res.text
        else:
            print(res.status_code)
            return
     
    if __name__ == '__main__':
        start_time=time.time()
        hrefs=[]
        info=[]
        init_url = 'https://zz.zu.fang.com/house/'
        num=getNum(getHtml(init_url))
        for i in range(0,num):
            url = f'https://zz.zu.fang.com/house/i3{i+1}/'
            text=getHtml(url)
            getLink(text)
        print(hrefs)
        for href in hrefs:
            parsePage(href)
     
        print("共获取%d条数据"%len(info))
        print("共耗时{}".format(time.time()-start_time))
        session.close()
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    二、优化为多线程爬虫

    # 用session取代requests
    # 解析库使用bs4
    # 并发库使用concurrent
    import requests
    # from lxml import etree    # 使用xpath解析
    from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
    from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor
    from urllib import parse
    import re
    import time
     
    headers = {
        'referer': 'https://zz.zu.fang.com/',
        'user-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/86.0.4240.198 Safari/537.36',
        'cookie': 'global_cookie=ffzvt3kztwck05jm6twso2wjw18kl67hqft; integratecover=1; city=zz; keyWord_recenthousezz=%5b%7b%22name%22%3a%22%e6%96%b0%e5%af%86%22%2c%22detailName%22%3a%22%22%2c%22url%22%3a%22%2fhouse-a014868%2f%22%2c%22sort%22%3a1%7d%2c%7b%22name%22%3a%22%e4%ba%8c%e4%b8%83%22%2c%22detailName%22%3a%22%22%2c%22url%22%3a%22%2fhouse-a014864%2f%22%2c%22sort%22%3a1%7d%2c%7b%22name%22%3a%22%e9%83%91%e4%b8%9c%e6%96%b0%e5%8c%ba%22%2c%22detailName%22%3a%22%22%2c%22url%22%3a%22%2fhouse-a0842%2f%22%2c%22sort%22%3a1%7d%5d; __utma=147393320.427795962.1613371106.1613558547.1613575774.5; __utmc=147393320; __utmz=147393320.1613575774.5.4.utmcsr=zz.fang.com|utmccn=(referral)|utmcmd=referral|utmcct=/; ASP.NET_SessionId=vhrhxr1tdatcc1xyoxwybuwv; g_sourcepage=zf_fy%5Elb_pc; Captcha=4937566532507336644D6557347143746B5A6A6B4A7A48445A422F2F6A51746C67516F31357446573052634562725162316152533247514250736F72775566574A2B33514357304B6976343D; __utmt_t0=1; __utmt_t1=1; __utmt_t2=1; __utmb=147393320.9.10.1613575774; unique_cookie=U_0l0d1ilf1t0ci2rozai9qi24k1pkl9lcmrs*4'
    }
    data={
        'agentbid':''
    }
     
    session = requests.session()
    session.headers = headers
     
    # 获取页面
    def getHtml(url):
        res = session.get(url)
        if res.status_code==200:
            res.encoding = res.apparent_encoding
            return res.text
        else:
            print(res.status_code)
     
    # 获取页面总数量
    def getNum(text):
        soup = BeautifulSoup(text, 'lxml')
        txt = soup.select('.fanye .txt')[0].text
        # 取出“共**页”中间的数字
        num = re.search(r'\d+', txt).group(0)
        return num
     
    # 获取详细链接
    def getLink(url):
        text=getHtml(url)
        soup=BeautifulSoup(text,'lxml')
        links=soup.select('.title a')
        for link in links:
            href=parse.urljoin('https://zz.zu.fang.com/',link['href'])
            hrefs.append(href)
     
    # 解析页面
    def parsePage(url):
        res=session.get(url)
        if res.status_code==200:
            res.encoding=res.apparent_encoding
            soup=BeautifulSoup(res.text,'lxml')
            try:
                title=soup.select('div .title')[0].text.strip().replace(' ','')
                price=soup.select('div .trl-item')[0].text.strip()
                block=soup.select('.rcont #agantzfxq_C02_08')[0].text.strip()
                building=soup.select('.rcont #agantzfxq_C02_07')[0].text.strip()
                try:
                    address=soup.select('.trl-item2 .rcont')[2].text.strip()
                except:
                    address=soup.select('.trl-item2 .rcont')[1].text.strip()
                detail1=soup.select('.clearfix')[4].text.strip().replace('\n\n\n',',').replace('\n','')
                detail2=soup.select('.clearfix')[5].text.strip().replace('\n\n\n',',').replace('\n','')
                detail=detail1+detail2
                name=soup.select('.zf_jjname')[0].text.strip()
                buserid=re.search('buserid: \'(\d+)\'',res.text).group(1)
                phone=getPhone(buserid)
                print(title,price,block,building,address,detail,name,phone)
                house = (title, price, block, building, address, detail, name, phone)
                info.append(house)
            except:
                pass
        else:
            print(re.status_code,re.text)
     
    # 获取代理人号码
    def getPhone(buserid):
        url='https://zz.zu.fang.com/RentDetails/Ajax/GetAgentVirtualMobile.aspx'
        data['agentbid']=buserid
        res=session.post(url,data=data)
        if res.status_code==200:
            return res.text
        else:
            print(res.status_code)
            return
     
    if __name__ == '__main__':
        start_time=time.time()
        hrefs=[]
        info=[]
        init_url = 'https://zz.zu.fang.com/house/'
        num=getNum(getHtml(init_url))
        with ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=5) as t:
            for i in range(0,num):
                url = f'https://zz.zu.fang.com/house/i3{i+1}/'
                t.submit(getLink,url)
        print("共获取%d个链接"%len(hrefs))
        print(hrefs)
        with ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=30) as t:
            for href in hrefs:
                t.submit(parsePage,href)
        print("共获取%d条数据"%len(info))
        print("耗时{}".format(time.time()-start_time))
        session.close()
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    三、使用asyncio进一步优化

    # 用session取代requests
    # 解析库使用bs4
    # 并发库使用concurrent
    import requests
    # from lxml import etree    # 使用xpath解析
    from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
    from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor
    from urllib import parse
    import re
    import time
    import asyncio
     
    headers = {
        'referer': 'https://zz.zu.fang.com/',
        'user-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/86.0.4240.198 Safari/537.36',
        'cookie': 'global_cookie=ffzvt3kztwck05jm6twso2wjw18kl67hqft; integratecover=1; city=zz; keyWord_recenthousezz=%5b%7b%22name%22%3a%22%e6%96%b0%e5%af%86%22%2c%22detailName%22%3a%22%22%2c%22url%22%3a%22%2fhouse-a014868%2f%22%2c%22sort%22%3a1%7d%2c%7b%22name%22%3a%22%e4%ba%8c%e4%b8%83%22%2c%22detailName%22%3a%22%22%2c%22url%22%3a%22%2fhouse-a014864%2f%22%2c%22sort%22%3a1%7d%2c%7b%22name%22%3a%22%e9%83%91%e4%b8%9c%e6%96%b0%e5%8c%ba%22%2c%22detailName%22%3a%22%22%2c%22url%22%3a%22%2fhouse-a0842%2f%22%2c%22sort%22%3a1%7d%5d; __utma=147393320.427795962.1613371106.1613558547.1613575774.5; __utmc=147393320; __utmz=147393320.1613575774.5.4.utmcsr=zz.fang.com|utmccn=(referral)|utmcmd=referral|utmcct=/; ASP.NET_SessionId=vhrhxr1tdatcc1xyoxwybuwv; g_sourcepage=zf_fy%5Elb_pc; Captcha=4937566532507336644D6557347143746B5A6A6B4A7A48445A422F2F6A51746C67516F31357446573052634562725162316152533247514250736F72775566574A2B33514357304B6976343D; __utmt_t0=1; __utmt_t1=1; __utmt_t2=1; __utmb=147393320.9.10.1613575774; unique_cookie=U_0l0d1ilf1t0ci2rozai9qi24k1pkl9lcmrs*4'
    }
    data={
        'agentbid':''
    }
     
    session = requests.session()
    session.headers = headers
     
    # 获取页面
    def getHtml(url):
        res = session.get(url)
        if res.status_code==200:
            res.encoding = res.apparent_encoding
            return res.text
        else:
            print(res.status_code)
     
    # 获取页面总数量
    def getNum(text):
        soup = BeautifulSoup(text, 'lxml')
        txt = soup.select('.fanye .txt')[0].text
        # 取出“共**页”中间的数字
        num = re.search(r'\d+', txt).group(0)
        return num
     
    # 获取详细链接
    def getLink(url):
        text=getHtml(url)
        soup=BeautifulSoup(text,'lxml')
        links=soup.select('.title a')
        for link in links:
            href=parse.urljoin('https://zz.zu.fang.com/',link['href'])
            hrefs.append(href)
     
    # 解析页面
    def parsePage(url):
        res=session.get(url)
        if res.status_code==200:
            res.encoding=res.apparent_encoding
            soup=BeautifulSoup(res.text,'lxml')
            try:
                title=soup.select('div .title')[0].text.strip().replace(' ','')
                price=soup.select('div .trl-item')[0].text.strip()
                block=soup.select('.rcont #agantzfxq_C02_08')[0].text.strip()
                building=soup.select('.rcont #agantzfxq_C02_07')[0].text.strip()
                try:
                    address=soup.select('.trl-item2 .rcont')[2].text.strip()
                except:
                    address=soup.select('.trl-item2 .rcont')[1].text.strip()
                detail1=soup.select('.clearfix')[4].text.strip().replace('\n\n\n',',').replace('\n','')
                detail2=soup.select('.clearfix')[5].text.strip().replace('\n\n\n',',').replace('\n','')
                detail=detail1+detail2
                name=soup.select('.zf_jjname')[0].text.strip()
                buserid=re.search('buserid: \'(\d+)\'',res.text).group(1)
                phone=getPhone(buserid)
                print(title,price,block,building,address,detail,name,phone)
                house = (title, price, block, building, address, detail, name, phone)
                info.append(house)
            except:
                pass
        else:
            print(re.status_code,re.text)
     
    # 获取代理人号码
    def getPhone(buserid):
        url='https://zz.zu.fang.com/RentDetails/Ajax/GetAgentVirtualMobile.aspx'
        data['agentbid']=buserid
        res=session.post(url,data=data)
        if res.status_code==200:
            return res.text
        else:
            print(res.status_code)
            return
     
    # 获取详细链接的线程池
    async def Pool1(num):
        loop=asyncio.get_event_loop()
        task=[]
        with ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=5) as t:
            for i in range(0,num):
                url = f'https://zz.zu.fang.com/house/i3{i+1}/'
                task.append(loop.run_in_executor(t,getLink,url))
     
    # 解析页面的线程池
    async def Pool2(hrefs):
        loop=asyncio.get_event_loop()
        task=[]
        with ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=30) as t:
            for href in hrefs:
                task.append(loop.run_in_executor(t,parsePage,href))
     
    if __name__ == '__main__':
        start_time=time.time()
        hrefs=[]
        info=[]
        task=[]
        init_url = 'https://zz.zu.fang.com/house/'
        num=getNum(getHtml(init_url))
        loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
        loop.run_until_complete(Pool1(num))
        print("共获取%d个链接"%len(hrefs))
        print(hrefs)
        loop.run_until_complete(Pool2(hrefs))
        loop.close()
        print("共获取%d条数据"%len(info))
        print("耗时{}".format(time.time()-start_time))
        session.close()
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    四、存入Mysql数据库

    (一)建表

    from sqlalchemy import create_engine
    from sqlalchemy import String, Integer, Column, Text
    from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker
    from sqlalchemy.orm import scoped_session  # 多线程爬虫时避免出现线程安全问题
    from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base
     
    BASE = declarative_base()  # 实例化
    engine = create_engine(
        "mysql+pymysql://root:root@127.0.0.1:3306/pytest?charset=utf8",
        max_overflow=300,  # 超出连接池大小最多可以创建的连接
        pool_size=100,  # 连接池大小
        echo=False,  # 不显示调试信息
    )
     
     
    class House(BASE):
        __tablename__ = 'house'
        id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True, autoincrement=True)
        title=Column(String(200))
        price=Column(String(200))
        block=Column(String(200))
        building=Column(String(200))
        address=Column(String(200))
        detail=Column(Text())
        name=Column(String(20))
        phone=Column(String(20))
     
     
    BASE.metadata.create_all(engine)
    Session = sessionmaker(engine)
    sess = scoped_session(Session)
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    (二)将数据存入数据库中

    # 用session取代requests
    # 解析库使用bs4
    # 并发库使用concurrent
    import requests
    from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
    from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor
    from urllib import parse
    from mysqldb import sess, House
    import re
    import time
    import asyncio
     
    headers = {
        'referer': 'https://zz.zu.fang.com/',
        'user-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/86.0.4240.198 Safari/537.36',
        'cookie': 'global_cookie=ffzvt3kztwck05jm6twso2wjw18kl67hqft; integratecover=1; city=zz; __utmc=147393320; ASP.NET_SessionId=vhrhxr1tdatcc1xyoxwybuwv; __utma=147393320.427795962.1613371106.1613575774.1613580597.6; __utmz=147393320.1613580597.6.5.utmcsr=zz.fang.com|utmccn=(referral)|utmcmd=referral|utmcct=/; __utmt_t0=1; __utmt_t1=1; __utmt_t2=1; Rent_StatLog=c158b2a7-4622-45a9-9e69-dcf6f42cf577; keyWord_recenthousezz=%5b%7b%22name%22%3a%22%e4%ba%8c%e4%b8%83%22%2c%22detailName%22%3a%22%22%2c%22url%22%3a%22%2fhouse-a014864%2f%22%2c%22sort%22%3a1%7d%2c%7b%22name%22%3a%22%e9%83%91%e4%b8%9c%e6%96%b0%e5%8c%ba%22%2c%22detailName%22%3a%22%22%2c%22url%22%3a%22%2fhouse-a0842%2f%22%2c%22sort%22%3a1%7d%2c%7b%22name%22%3a%22%e7%bb%8f%e5%bc%80%22%2c%22detailName%22%3a%22%22%2c%22url%22%3a%22%2fhouse-a014871%2f%22%2c%22sort%22%3a1%7d%5d; g_sourcepage=zf_fy%5Elb_pc; Captcha=6B65716A41454739794D666864397178613772676C75447A4E746C657144775A347A6D42554F446532357649643062344F6976756E563450554E59594B7833712B413579506C4B684958343D; unique_cookie=U_0l0d1ilf1t0ci2rozai9qi24k1pkl9lcmrs*14; __utmb=147393320.21.10.1613580597'
    }
    data={
        'agentbid':''
    }
     
    session = requests.session()
    session.headers = headers
     
    # 获取页面
    def getHtml(url):
        res = session.get(url)
        if res.status_code==200:
            res.encoding = res.apparent_encoding
            return res.text
        else:
            print(res.status_code)
     
    # 获取页面总数量
    def getNum(text):
        soup = BeautifulSoup(text, 'lxml')
        txt = soup.select('.fanye .txt')[0].text
        # 取出“共**页”中间的数字
        num = re.search(r'\d+', txt).group(0)
        return num
     
    # 获取详细链接
    def getLink(url):
        text=getHtml(url)
        soup=BeautifulSoup(text,'lxml')
        links=soup.select('.title a')
        for link in links:
            href=parse.urljoin('https://zz.zu.fang.com/',link['href'])
            hrefs.append(href)
     
    # 解析页面
    def parsePage(url):
        res=session.get(url)
        if res.status_code==200:
            res.encoding=res.apparent_encoding
            soup=BeautifulSoup(res.text,'lxml')
            try:
                title=soup.select('div .title')[0].text.strip().replace(' ','')
                price=soup.select('div .trl-item')[0].text.strip()
                block=soup.select('.rcont #agantzfxq_C02_08')[0].text.strip()
                building=soup.select('.rcont #agantzfxq_C02_07')[0].text.strip()
                try:
                    address=soup.select('.trl-item2 .rcont')[2].text.strip()
                except:
                    address=soup.select('.trl-item2 .rcont')[1].text.strip()
                detail1=soup.select('.clearfix')[4].text.strip().replace('\n\n\n',',').replace('\n','')
                detail2=soup.select('.clearfix')[5].text.strip().replace('\n\n\n',',').replace('\n','')
                detail=detail1+detail2
                name=soup.select('.zf_jjname')[0].text.strip()
                buserid=re.search('buserid: \'(\d+)\'',res.text).group(1)
                phone=getPhone(buserid)
                print(title,price,block,building,address,detail,name,phone)
                house = (title, price, block, building, address, detail, name, phone)
                info.append(house)
                try:
                    house_data=House(
                        title=title,
                        price=price,
                        block=block,
                        building=building,
                        address=address,
                        detail=detail,
                        name=name,
                        phone=phone
                    )
                    sess.add(house_data)
                    sess.commit()
                except Exception as e:
                    print(e)    # 打印错误信息
                    sess.rollback()  # 回滚
            except:
                pass
        else:
            print(re.status_code,re.text)
     
    # 获取代理人号码
    def getPhone(buserid):
        url='https://zz.zu.fang.com/RentDetails/Ajax/GetAgentVirtualMobile.aspx'
        data['agentbid']=buserid
        res=session.post(url,data=data)
        if res.status_code==200:
            return res.text
        else:
            print(res.status_code)
            return
     
    # 获取详细链接的线程池
    async def Pool1(num):
        loop=asyncio.get_event_loop()
        task=[]
        with ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=5) as t:
            for i in range(0,num):
                url = f'https://zz.zu.fang.com/house/i3{i+1}/'
                task.append(loop.run_in_executor(t,getLink,url))
     
    # 解析页面的线程池
    async def Pool2(hrefs):
        loop=asyncio.get_event_loop()
        task=[]
        with ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=30) as t:
            for href in hrefs:
                task.append(loop.run_in_executor(t,parsePage,href))
     
    if __name__ == '__main__':
        start_time=time.time()
        hrefs=[]
        info=[]
        task=[]
        init_url = 'https://zz.zu.fang.com/house/'
        num=getNum(getHtml(init_url))
        loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
        loop.run_until_complete(Pool1(num))
        print("共获取%d个链接"%len(hrefs))
        print(hrefs)
        loop.run_until_complete(Pool2(hrefs))
        loop.close()
        print("共获取%d条数据"%len(info))
        print("耗时{}".format(time.time()-start_time))
        session.close()
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    五、最终效果图 (已打码)

    Python怎么爬取城市租房信息

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