如何從 SQL 中的單一全名字段解析名字、中間名和姓氏？

從SQL 中的全名字段解析名字、中間名和姓氏

簡介

本討論圍繞著資料處理的一個常見挑戰：從單一全名中提取名字、中間名和姓氏使用SQL的字段。本文探討了旨在處理 90% 典型情況的實用解決方案。

方法

提出的方法涉及一系列嵌套的子查詢，這些子查詢分解了 fullname 欄位分成其各個部分。它假設全名的格式為“First Middle Last”，中間名是可選的。

示例

以下SQL 示例演示了該方法：

SELECT
  FIRST_NAME.ORIGINAL_INPUT_DATA
 ,FIRST_NAME.TITLE
 ,FIRST_NAME.FIRST_NAME
 ,CASE WHEN 0 = CHARINDEX(' ',FIRST_NAME.REST_OF_NAME)
       THEN NULL  --no more spaces?  assume rest is the last name
       ELSE SUBSTRING(
                       FIRST_NAME.REST_OF_NAME
                      ,1
                      ,CHARINDEX(' ',FIRST_NAME.REST_OF_NAME)-1
                     )
       END AS MIDDLE_NAME
 ,SUBSTRING(
             FIRST_NAME.REST_OF_NAME
            ,1 + CHARINDEX(' ',FIRST_NAME.REST_OF_NAME)
            ,LEN(FIRST_NAME.REST_OF_NAME)
           ) AS LAST_NAME
FROM
  (  
  SELECT
    TITLE.TITLE
   ,CASE WHEN 0 = CHARINDEX(' ',TITLE.REST_OF_NAME)
         THEN TITLE.REST_OF_NAME --No space? return the whole thing
         ELSE SUBSTRING(
                         TITLE.REST_OF_NAME
                        ,1
                        ,CHARINDEX(' ',TITLE.REST_OF_NAME)-1
                       )
    END AS FIRST_NAME
   ,CASE WHEN 0 = CHARINDEX(' ',TITLE.REST_OF_NAME)  
         THEN NULL  --no spaces @ all?  then 1st name is all we have
         ELSE SUBSTRING(
                         TITLE.REST_OF_NAME
                        ,CHARINDEX(' ',TITLE.REST_OF_NAME)+1
                        ,LEN(TITLE.REST_OF_NAME)
                       )
    END AS REST_OF_NAME
   ,TITLE.ORIGINAL_INPUT_DATA
  FROM
    (   
    SELECT
      --if the first three characters are in this list,
      --then pull it as a "title".  otherwise return NULL for title.
      CASE WHEN SUBSTRING(TEST_DATA.FULL_NAME,1,3) IN ('MR ','MS ','DR ','MRS')
           THEN LTRIM(RTRIM(SUBSTRING(TEST_DATA.FULL_NAME,1,3)))
           ELSE NULL
           END AS TITLE
      --if you change the list, don't forget to change it here, too.
      --so much for the DRY prinicple...
     ,CASE WHEN SUBSTRING(TEST_DATA.FULL_NAME,1,3) IN ('MR ','MS ','DR ','MRS')
           THEN LTRIM(RTRIM(SUBSTRING(TEST_DATA.FULL_NAME,4,LEN(TEST_DATA.FULL_NAME))))
           ELSE LTRIM(RTRIM(TEST_DATA.FULL_NAME))
           END AS REST_OF_NAME
     ,TEST_DATA.ORIGINAL_INPUT_DATA
    FROM
      (
      SELECT
        --trim leading & trailing spaces before trying to process
        --disallow extra spaces *within* the name
        REPLACE(REPLACE(LTRIM(RTRIM(FULL_NAME)),'  ',' '),'  ',' ') AS FULL_NAME
       ,FULL_NAME AS ORIGINAL_INPUT_DATA
      FROM
        (
        --if you use this, then replace the following
        --block with your actual table
              SELECT 'GEORGE W BUSH' AS FULL_NAME
        UNION SELECT 'SUSAN B ANTHONY' AS FULL_NAME
        UNION SELECT 'ALEXANDER HAMILTON' AS FULL_NAME
        UNION SELECT 'OSAMA BIN LADEN JR' AS FULL_NAME
        UNION SELECT 'MARTIN J VAN BUREN SENIOR III' AS FULL_NAME
        UNION SELECT 'TOMMY' AS FULL_NAME
        UNION SELECT 'BILLY' AS FULL_NAME
        UNION SELECT NULL AS FULL_NAME
        UNION SELECT ' ' AS FULL_NAME
        UNION SELECT '    JOHN  JACOB     SMITH' AS FULL_NAME
        UNION SELECT ' DR  SANJAY       GUPTA' AS FULL_NAME
        UNION SELECT 'DR JOHN S HOPKINS' AS FULL_NAME
        UNION SELECT ' MRS  SUSAN ADAMS' AS FULL_NAME
        UNION SELECT ' MS AUGUSTA  ADA   KING ' AS FULL_NAME      
        ) RAW_DATA
      ) TEST_DATA
    ) TITLE
  ) FIRST_NAME

特別案例

處理特殊情況，例如缺失值、尾隨空格和超過三部分的名稱，可以提高結果的準確性。

結論

此方法為從 SQL 中的全名字段解析名字、中間名和姓氏提供了堅實的基礎，解決了典型的和特殊情況。透過使解決方案適應特定要求，您可以在名稱匹配和資料分析效率方面實現顯著提高。

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