RAC primary+Single standby DG配置实践

本例中包括了switchover过程，下面按照switchover前后进行介绍。switchover之前，这时RAC是primary database.(1) RAC 每个实例都

很久之前做的实验，今天存档一下：

说明：

RAC primary和Single standby配置

2节点RAC和1个single instance组成的data guard环境。

1.环境介绍

Primary database是一个两节的RAC，存储采用raw和ASM混合的方式，具体如下

RAC Primary

Inode1

Inode2

Public IP

172.28.22.246

172.28.22.247

Private IP

172.28.7.70

172.28.7.244

Virtual IP

172.28.22.248

172.28.22.249

Instance

Orcl1

Orcl2

DB_NAME

orcl

Data,Controle file,Redo file

Raw,ASM

Standby database的数据文件放在本地，不用raw和ams方式，具体如下

Single instance standby

说明(inode2)

IP

172.28.7.244

Oracle

安装的非RAC版本

Instance

orcl

Data,Controle file,Redo file

/home/orastd/oradata/orcl

注：因为条件限制，这个实例里的standby database也装在inode2机器上，只是在不同的系统用户下安装的单实例引擎。

2.配置要点

本例中包括了switchover过程，下面按照switchover前后进行介绍。

switchover之前，这时RAC是primary database.

(1) RAC 每个实例都要配置日志发送，日的地都指向standby

(2) 确认日志发送方法，本例使用了默认同步方式，ARCH进程

(3) standby配置日志接收方法，本例使用standby redo log

(4) 启动MRP

switchover之后，这时RAC是standby database.

如果standby是RAC,则日志的接收和恢复可不是同一个instance,术语上把这个两个实例分别叫做receive instance和recover instance.

本例为简化，把二者都统一为一个instance。

(1) single instance的日志只发送到RAC的一个实例

(2) 确认RAC的日志接收方法，本例使用standby redo log

(3) 在RAC的一个实例上启动MRP

3.配置步骤

(1) 配置两个数据库的tnsnames.ora和listener.ora

RAC(rac1,rac2)和standby(orcl)上的tnsnames.ora相同，如下：

ORCL_SINGLE =

  (DESCRIPTION =

    (ADDRESS_LIST =

      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 172.28.7.244)(PORT = 1522))

    )

    (CONNECT_DATA =

      (SID = orcl)

    )

  )

ORCL2 =

  (DESCRIPTION =

    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = inode2-vip)(PORT = 1521))

    (CONNECT_DATA =

      (SERVER = DEDICATED)

      (SERVICE_NAME = orcl)

      (INSTANCE_NAME = orcl2)

    )

  )

ORCL1 =

  (DESCRIPTION =

    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = inode1-vip)(PORT = 1521))

    (CONNECT_DATA =

      (SERVER = DEDICATED)

      (SERVICE_NAME = orcl)

      (INSTANCE_NAME = orcl1)

    )

  )

standby上的listener.ora

inode2:orastd:orcl:/home/orastd/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin> more listener.ora

LISTENER =

  (ADDRESS_LIST =

    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(Host = 172.28.7.244)(Port = 1522))

  )

SID_LIST_LISTENER =

  (SID_LIST =

    (SID_DESC =

      (GLOBAL_DBNAME = orcl)

      (ORACLE_HOME = /home/orastd/product/10.2.0/db_1)

      (SID_NAME = orcl)

    )

  )

(2) 准备参数文件

原始的RAC参数文件如下

orcl2.__db_cache_size=142606336

orcl2.__java_pool_size=4194304

orcl1.__java_pool_size=4194304

orcl2.__large_pool_size=4194304

orcl1.__large_pool_size=4194304

orcl1.__shared_pool_size=117440512

orcl2.__shared_pool_size=138412032

orcl2.__streams_pool_size=0

orcl1.__streams_pool_size=0

*.audit_file_dest='/db/oracle/admin/orcl/adump'

*.background_dump_dest='/db/oracle/admin/orcl/bdump'

*.cluster_database_instances=2

*.cluster_database=TRUE

*.compatible='10.2.0.1.0'

*.control_files='/dev/rcontrol1_raw','/dev/rcontrol2_raw','/dev/rcontrol3_raw'

*.core_dump_dest='/db/oracle/admin/orcl/cdump'

*.db_block_size=8192

*.db_domain=''

*.db_file_multiblock_read_count=16

*.db_name='orcl'

*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=2147483648

*.db_recovery_file_dest='+DG1'

*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP)(SERVICE=orclXDB)'

orcl2.instance_number=2

orcl1.instance_number=1

*.job_queue_processes=10

*.log_archive_config=''

*.log_archive_dest_1='location=/db/oracle'

orcl1.log_archive_dest_1='location=/db/arch1'

orcl2.log_archive_dest_1='location=/db/arch2'

orcl2.log_archive_dest_2='service=orcl1'

orcl1.log_archive_dest_2='service=orcl2'

*.open_cursors=300

*.pga_aggregate_target=96468992

*.processes=150

*.remote_listener='LISTENERS_ORCL'

*.remote_login_passwordfile='exclusive'

*.sga_target=290455552

orcl2.standby_archive_dest='/db/arch1'

orcl1.standby_archive_dest='/db/arch2'

*.standby_file_management='AUTO'

orcl2.thread=2

orcl1.thread=1

*.undo_management='AUTO'

orcl2.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS2'

orcl1.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'

RAC原参数不变，添加如下参数：

*.log_archive_config='DG_CONFIG=(orcl,orcl_single)'

*.log_archive_dest_3='SERVICE=orcl_single VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=orcl_single'

*.db_file_name_convert='/home/orastd/oradata/orcl/','+DG3/orcl/datafile/','/home/orastd/oradata/orcl/','/dev/'

*.log_file_name_convert='/home/orastd/oradata/orcl/','+DG3/orcl/onlinelog/'

*.standby_file_management=AUTO

*.FAL_SERVER='orcl_single'

orcl1.FAL_CLIENT='orcl1'

orcl2.FAL_CLIENT='orcl2'

注意：

db_file_name_convert、log_file_name_convert是做主备切换时用到，如果不做主备切换这两参数可以不配，而且其它参数可以动态修改，不用重启生效。这两参数要重启后才能生效。

为了文件存储格式的，这两参数的值是成对出现的。

在ASM的RAC中不要更改db_unique_name的值，因为ASM的文件存储方式是按些值存放的。

single standby上的参数initorcl.ora配置:

*.__db_cache_size=150994944

*.__java_pool_size=4194304

*.__large_pool_size=4194304

*.__shared_pool_size=130023424

*.__streams_pool_size=0

*.compatible='10.2.0.1.0'

*.db_block_size=8192

*.db_domain=''

*.db_file_multiblock_read_count=16

*.db_name='orcl'

*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=2147483648

*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP)(SERVICE=orclXDB)'

*.job_queue_processes=10

*.open_cursors=300

*.pga_aggregate_target=96468992

*.processes=150

*.remote_login_passwordfile='exclusive'

*.sga_target=290455552

*.undo_management='AUTO'

#要修改的参数

*.control_files='/home/orastd/oradata/orcl/stdcrl.ctl'

*.log_archive_config='DG_CONFIG=(orcl,orcl_single)'

*.standby_archive_dest='/home/orastd/arch'

*.log_archive_dest_1='location=/home/orastd/arch'

*.log_archive_dest_2='service=orcl1 VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=orcl'

*.db_file_name_convert='/dev/','/home/orastd/oradata/orcl/','+DG3/orcl/datafile/','/home/orastd/oradata/orcl/'

*.log_file_name_convert='/dev/','/home/orastd/oradata/orcl/'

*.standby_file_management='AUTO'

fal_server='orcl1','orcl2'

fal_client='orcl_single'

thread=1

undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'

*.core_dump_dest='/home/orastd/admin/orcl/cdump'

*.audit_file_dest='/home/orastd/admin/orcl/adump'

*.background_dump_dest='/home/orastd/admin/orcl/bdump'

*.user_dump_dest='/home/orastd/admin/orcl/udump'

##要添加的参数

db_unique_name='orcl_single'

service_name='orcl_single'

##要删除的参数，下面这些参数是RAC上特有的，可以删除。

*.cluster_database_instances=2

*.cluster_database=TRUE

orcl2.instance_number=2

orcl1.instance_number=1

*.remote_listener='LISTENERS_ORCL'

*.db_recovery_file_dest='+DG1'

(3) 在RAC上进行备份

inode2:oracle:orcl2:/db/oracle> rman target /

inode2:oracle:orcl2:/db/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs> rman target /

Recovery Manager: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wed Feb 23 15:26:01 2011

Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

connected to target database: ORCL (DBID=1268210488)

RMAN> backup database format '/db/dbback/%U';

....

(4) 创建standby的控制文件

在RAC两实例上进行几次归档

SQL>alter system switch logfile;

SQL>alter database create standby controlfile as '/db/dbback/stdcrl.ctl';

(5) 把所以备份拷贝到standby服务器的相同目录下

因为standby库和rac2在相同的服务器inode2上，，所以这步可以省略。

只需要把stdcrl.ctl拷贝到指定的目录，并赋权限：

inode2:root::/db/dbback> ls

4bm5ajul_1_1  4cm5ajul_1_1  stdcrl.ctl

inode2:root::/db/dbback> chown orastd:dba /db/dbback/*

inode2:root::/db/dbback> ls -l

total 2057968

-rw-r-----   1 orastd   dba       487129088 Feb 22 15:55 4bm5ajul_1_1

-rw-r-----   1 orastd   dba       554999808 Feb 22 15:55 4cm5ajul_1_1

-rw-r-----   1 orastd   dba        11550720 Feb 22 16:02 stdcrl.ctl

inode2:root::/db/dbback>cp stdcrl.ctl /home/orastd/oradata/orcl/

(6) 启动standby到nomount状态

创建密码文件：

inode2:orastd:orcl:/home/orastd/>orapwd password=oracle file=orapworcl entries=30

启动数据库，创建spfile文件：

分别用下面两种方式把实例启动到nmount状态:

inode2:orastd:orcl:/home/orastd/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin> sqlplus "/as sysdba"

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wed Feb 23 10:03:40 2011

Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to an idle instance.

SQL> startup nomount

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area  293601280 bytes

Fixed Size                  2020392 bytes

Variable Size             138415064 bytes

Database Buffers          150994944 bytes

Redo Buffers                2170880 bytes

SQL> exit

inode2:orastd:orcl:/home/orastd/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin> sqlplus sys/oracle@ORCL_SINGLE as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wed Feb 23 10:04:12 2011

Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to an idle instance.

SQL> startup nomount

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area  293601280 bytes

Fixed Size                  2020392 bytes

Variable Size             138415064 bytes

Database Buffers          150994944 bytes

Redo Buffers                2170880 bytes

SQL> create spfile from pfile;

file created.

(7) 用rman创建standby数据库

在RAC orcl2实例上做还原恢复操作：

inode2:oracle:orcl2:/db/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin> rman target / auxiliary sys/oracle@ORCL_SINGLE

Recovery Manager: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wed Feb 23 10:19:52 2011

Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

connected to target database: ORCL (DBID=1268210488)

connected to auxiliary database: ORCL (not mounted)

RMAN> duplicate target database for standby;

Starting Duplicate Db at 23-FEB-11

using target database control file instead of recovery catalog

allocated channel: ORA_AUX_DISK_1

channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: sid=156 devtype=DISK

allocated channel: ORA_AUX_DISK_2

channel ORA_AUX_DISK_2: sid=155 devtype=DISK

contents of Memory Script:

{

   restore clone standby controlfile;

   sql clone 'alter database mount standby database';

}

executing Memory Script

Starting restore at 23-FEB-1

.............

datafile 5 switched to datafile copy

input datafile copy recid=29 stamp=743855043 filename=/home/orastd/oradata/orcl/rundotbs2_raw

datafile 6 switched to datafile copy

input datafile copy recid=30 stamp=743855044 filename=/home/orastd/oradata/orcl/lcz.256.743266487

datafile 7 switched to datafile copy

input datafile copy recid=31 stamp=743855044 filename=/home/orastd/oradata/orcl/lcz.257.743186313

datafile 8 switched to datafile copy

input datafile copy recid=32 stamp=743855044 filename=/home/orastd/oradata/orcl/ts.258.743273077

Finished Duplicate Db at 23-FEB-11

RMAN> exit

Recovery Manager complete