Bekerja dengan XML dalam perpustakaan Permintaan Python

Apakah itu XML? XML bermaksud Extensible Markup Language, yang memerlukan untuk menyimpan data berstruktur dan mengumpulkan sebarang item. Dalam bahasa markup XML, anda boleh membuat teg dengan sebarang nama. Contoh XML yang paling popular - Peta Laman dan suapan RSS.

Contoh fail XML:

<breakfast_menu>
   <food>
       <name>Belgian Waffles</name>
       <price>.95</price>
       <description>Two of our famous Belgian Waffles with plenty of real maple syrup</description>
       <calories>650</calories> </food>
   <food>
       <name>Strawberry Belgian Waffles</name>
       <price>.95</price>
       <description>Light Belgian waffles covered with strawberries and whipped cream</description>
       <calories>900</calories> </food>
   <food>
       <name>Berry-Berry Belgian Waffles</name>
       <price>.95</price>
       <description>Light Belgian waffles covered with an assortment of fresh berries and whipped cream</description>
       <calories>900</calories> </food>
   <food>
       <name>French Toast</name>
       <price>.50</price>
       <description>Thick slices made from our homemade sourdough bread</description>
       <calories>600</calories> </food>
   <food>
       <name>Homestyle Breakfast</name>
       <price>.95</price>
       <description>Two eggs, bacon or sausage, toast, and our ever-popular hash browns</description>
       <calories>950</calories> </food>
</breakfast_menu>

Dalam contoh ini, fail mengandungi teg global breakfast_menu, yang termasuk kategori makanan dan setiap kategori makanan termasuk nama, harga, keterangan dan teg kalori.

Sekarang kita mula belajar cara bekerja dengan perpustakaan XML dan Python Requests. Mula-mula kita perlu menyediakan persekitaran kerja kita.

Untuk mencipta projek baharu dan persekitaran maya pasang pakej python3-virtualenv. Ia memerlukan keperluan pengasingan setiap projek. Pemasangan dalam Debian/Ubuntu:

sudo apt install python3 python3-virtualenv -y

Buat folder projek:

mkdir my_project
cd my_project

Buat persekitaran maya Python dengan folder bernama env:

python3 -m venv env

Aktifkan persekitaran maya:

source env/bin/activate

Pasang kebergantungan PIP:

pip3 install requests

Mari mulakan penulisan kod.

Buat fail main.py dan masukkan kod di bawah:

import requests
import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
request = requests.get('https://www.w3schools.com/xml/simple.xml')
root = ET.fromstring(request.content)
for item in root.iter('*'):
    print(item.tag)

Coretan kod ini membantu kami mencari semua teg dalaman.

Keluaran kod ini:

(env) user@localhost:~/my_project$ python3 main.py
breakfast_menu
food
name
price
description
calories
food
name
price
description
calories
food
name
price
description
calories
food
name
price
description
calories
food
name
price
description
calories

Kini kami menulis kod untuk mendapatkan nilai daripada elemen dalaman. Buka fail main.py dan gantikan kod sebelumnya dengan ini:

import requests
import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
request = requests.get('https://www.w3schools.com/xml/simple.xml')
root = ET.fromstring(request.content)
for item in root.iterfind('food'):
    print(item.findtext('name'))
    print(item.findtext('price'))
    print(item.findtext('description'))
    print(item.findtext('calories'))

Kami menerima keputusan seterusnya:

(env) user@localhost:~/my_project$ python3 main.py
Belgian Waffles
.95
Two of our famous Belgian Waffles with plenty of real maple syrup
650
Strawberry Belgian Waffles
.95
Light Belgian waffles covered with strawberries and whipped cream
900
Berry-Berry Belgian Waffles
.95
Light Belgian waffles covered with an assortment of fresh berries and whipped cream
900
French Toast
.50
Thick slices made from our homemade sourdough bread
600
Homestyle Breakfast
.95
Two eggs, bacon or sausage, toast, and our ever-popular hash browns
950

Pada langkah terakhir kami mempercantikkan data output untuk memudahkan pembacaan:

import requests
import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
request = requests.get('https://www.w3schools.com/xml/simple.xml')
root = ET.fromstring(request.content)
for item in root.iterfind('food'):
    print('Name: {}. Price: {}. Description: {}. Calories: {}'.format(item.findtext('name'), item.findtext('price'), item.findtext('description'), item.findtext('calories')))

Di sini output:

(env) user@localhost:~/my_project$ python3 main.py
Name: Belgian Waffles. Price: .95. Description: Two of our famous Belgian Waffles with plenty of real maple syrup. Calories: 650
Name: Strawberry Belgian Waffles. Price: .95. Description: Light Belgian waffles covered with strawberries and whipped cream. Calories: 900
Name: Berry-Berry Belgian Waffles. Price: .95. Description: Light Belgian waffles covered with an assortment of fresh berries and whipped cream. Calories: 900
Name: French Toast. Price: .50. Description: Thick slices made from our homemade sourdough bread. Calories: 600
Name: Homestyle Breakfast. Price: .95. Description: Two eggs, bacon or sausage, toast, and our ever-popular hash browns. Calories: 950

Bahan sumber:
Contoh fail XML yang diambil daripada W3Schools.

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