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What does generics in java mean?

May 07, 2024 am 02:36 AM

Java 中的泛型是一种用于创建可参数化的通用类和方法的机制,从而节省代码重用,提高类型安全和扩展性。您可以使用尖括号 <> 指定类型参数,例如:类泛型:class Box<T> { private T value; }方法泛型: T max(T a, T b) { return a.compareTo(b) > 0 ? a : b; }

What does generics in java mean?

什么是 Java 中的泛型?

Java 中的泛型是一种机制,它允许您创建在编译时可以参数化的类和方法。这意味着您可以使用一个通用的类或方法,然后使用不同的类型对其进行自定义而无需创建新的代码版本。

泛型的优点:

  • 类型安全:泛型确保在编译时检查类型兼容性,从而防止在运行时出现类型错误。
  • 代码重用:您可以使用一个泛型类或方法来处理不同类型的对象,从而减少代码重复和维护工作量。
  • 扩展性:泛型允许您轻松地创建可与不同类型兼容的通用数据结构和算法。

如何使用泛型?

要使用泛型,您可以使用尖括号 <> 在类或方法名后面指定类型参数。例如:

class Box<T> {
    private T value;

    // ...
}
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Box<T> 类是一个通用的类,其中 T 是一个类型参数。您可以使用此类创建具有特定类型的框。例如:

Box<String> stringBox = new Box<>("Hello");
Box<Integer> integerBox = new Box<>(10);
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泛型方法:

您还可以为方法定义泛型。这允许您创建方法,该方法可以处理不同类型的参数或返回不同类型的对象。例如:

<T> T max(T a, T b) {
    return a.compareTo(b) > 0 ? a : b;
}
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max() 方法是一个泛型方法,它可以处理任何实现了 Comparable 接口的类型。

注意事项:

  • 泛型类型参数在编译时绑定。这意味着它们不能在运行时更改。
  • 泛型类和方法在编译时擦除,这意味着它们不会在运行时包含类型参数的信息。
  • 泛型不适用于基本类型(如 intdouble)。

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