How do golang functions interact with goroutines?
Go 函数通过 channel 传递数据、wait group 或 channel 控制执行流、mutex 或 channel 同步任务来与 Goroutine 交互:传递数据:使用 channel 作为 FIFO 队列,从函数向协程发送和接收值。控制执行流:使用 wait group 等待协程完成执行,或使用 channel 通知协程执行特定操作。同步任务:使用 mutex 或 channel 对并发访问的资源进行同步,确保一次只有一个协程访问资源。
Go 函数如何与 Goroutine 交互?
在 Go 中,Goroutine 是并发执行的轻量级线程。它们允许您并行运行代码,提高应用程序性能。函数可以与协程交互以控制执行流、传递数据和同步任务。
传递数据
可以通过 channel 将数据从函数传递到协程。Channel 是一个 FIFO(先进先出)队列,允许协程从函数接收和发送值。以下示例展示了如何使用 channel:
package main import "fmt" func sendData(ch chan<- int) { for i := 0; i < 10; i++ { ch <- i } close(ch) } func receiveData(ch <-chan int) { for { data, ok := <-ch if !ok { return } fmt.Println("Received:", data) } } func main() { ch := make(chan int) go sendData(ch) receiveData(ch) }
控制执行流
可以使用 wait group 或 channel 控制协程的执行流。Wait group 允许您等待所有协程完成执行,而 channel 可用于通知协程执行特定操作。以下示例展示了如何使用 wait group:
package main import ( "fmt" "sync" ) var wg sync.WaitGroup func task(i int) { fmt.Println("Task", i) wg.Done() } func main() { for i := 0; i < 10; i++ { wg.Add(1) go task(i) } wg.Wait() }
同步任务
可以通过 mutex 或 channel 对并发访问的资源进行同步。Mutex 互斥锁,一次允许一个协程访问资源。Channel 可用于阻塞协程,直到资源可用。以下示例展示了如何使用 mutex:
package main import ( "fmt" "sync" ) var mutex sync.Mutex func task(data string) { mutex.Lock() fmt.Println(data) mutex.Unlock() } func main() { for i := 0; i < 10; i++ { go task(fmt.Sprintf("Task %d", i)) } }
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