setX(6);   $obj2->set" /> setX(6);   $obj2->set">
Home Backend Development PHP Tutorial PHP的面向对象编程:开发大型PHP项目的方法(二)

PHP的面向对象编程:开发大型PHP项目的方法(二)

Jun 01, 2016 pm 02:31 PM

作者:Luis Argerich 译者:limodou

  "Another"类的对象现在拥有了父类(Something)的全部的数据成员及方法,而且还加上了自已的数据成
员和方法。

  你可以使用
  $obj2=new Something;
  $obj2->setX(6);
  $obj2->setY(7);

  php现在还不支持多重继承,所以你不能从两个或两个以上类派生出新的类来。

  你可以在派生类中重定义一个方法,如果我们在"Another"类中重定义了getX方法,我们就不能使
用"Something"中的getX方法了。如果你在派生类中声明了一个与基派同名的数据成员,那么当你处理它时,
它将“隐藏”基类的数据成员。

  你可以在你的类中定义构造函数。构造函数是一个与类名同名的方法,当你创建一个类的对象时会被调
用,例如:

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

class Something {
var $x;

function Something($y) {
$this->x=$y;
}

function setX($v) {
$this->x=$v;
}

function getX() {
return $this->x;
}
}

?>--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  所以你可以创建一个对象,通过:

  $obj=new Something(6);

  构造函数会自动地把6赋值给数据变量x。构造函数和方法都是普通的PHP函数,所以你可以使用缺省参数。

  function Something($x="3",$y="5")

  接着:

  $obj=new Something(); // x=3 and y=5
  $obj=new Something(8); // x=8 and y=5
  $obj=new Something(8,9); // x=8 and y=9

  缺省参数使用C++的方式,所以你不能忽略Y的值,而给X一个缺省参数,参数是从左到右赋值的,如果 传入的参数少于要求的参数时,其作的将使用缺省参数。

  当一个派生类的对象被创建时,只有它的构造函数被调用,父类的构造函数没被调用,如果你想调用基 类的构造函数,你必须要在派生类的构造函数中显示调用。可以这样做是因为在派生类中所有父类的方法都 是可用的。

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

function Another() {
$this->y=5;
$this->Something();
//显示调用基类构造函数
}

?>--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  OOP的一个很好的机制是使用抽象类。抽象类是不能实例化,只能提供给派生类一个接口。设计者通常 使用抽象类来强迫程序员从基类派生,这样可以确保新的类包含一些期待的功能。在PHP中没有标准的方法, 但是:

  如果你需要这个特性,可以通过定义基类,并在它的构造函数后加上"die" 的调用,这样就可以保证基 类是不可实例化的,现在在每一个方法(接口)后面加上"die" 语句,所以,如果一个程序员在派生类中没有 覆盖方法,将引发一个错误。而且因为PHP 是无类型的,你可能需要确认一个对象是来自于你的基类的派生 类,那么在基类中增加一个方法来实义类的身份(返回某种标识id),并且在你接收到一个对象参数时校验 这个值。当然,如果一个邪恶不好的程序员在派生类中覆盖了这个方法,这种方法就不起作用了,不过一般 问题多发现在懒惰的程序员身上,而不是邪恶的程序员。

  当然,能够让基类对程序员无法看到是很好的,只要将接口打印出来做他们的工作就可以了。

  在PHP中没有析构函数。

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