php引用传值实例详解学习_PHP
引用是什么
在 PHP 中引用意味着用不同的名字访问同一个变量内容。这并不像 C 的指针,替代的是,引用是符号表别名。注意在 PHP 中,变量名和变量内容是不一样的,因此同样的内容可以有不同的名字。最接近的比喻是 Unix 的文件名和文件本身——变量名是目录条目,而变量内容则是文件本身。引用可以被看作是 Unix 文件系统中的 hardlink。
一:变量的引用
复制代码 代码如下:
$a =100;
$b = &$a;
echo $b; //这里输出100
echo $a; //这里输出100 ,说明$a,和$b的值都是一百。
$b= 200;
echo $a; //这里输出200
echo $b; //这里输出200,这就可以看出他们用的是同一个地址。改变一个,另一个也会跟着改变。
?>
二:函数中引用传值
复制代码 代码如下:
function main($a,$b){
$b= $a+100;
return $b;
}
main(55,&$b); //这里的$b其实就是把它的内存地址传递给函数main中的$b参数,通过参数$b的改变而改变外面的$b的值。
echo $b; //这里会输出155,
?>
三:对象的引用传值
对象的引用
复制代码 代码如下:
class club{
var $name="real madrid";
}
$b=new club;
$c=$b;
echo $b->name;//这里输出real madrid
echo $c->name;//这里输出real madrid
$b->name="ronaldo";
echo $c->name;//这里输出ronaldo
?>
取消引用
当你 unset 一个引用,只是断开了变量名和变量内容之间的绑定。这并不意味着变量内容被销毁了。例如:
复制代码 代码如下:
$a = 'ronaldo'
$b =&$a;
unset ($a);
?>
不会 unset $b,只是 $a。
例,引用传递
test1.php
复制代码 代码如下:
/**
* 引用传递
以下内容可以通过引用传递:
变量,例如 foo($a)
New 语句,例如 foo(new foobar())
从函数中返回的引用,例如:
*/
function foo(&$var)
{
$var++;
}
$a=5;
//合法
foo($a);
foo(new stdClass());
//非法使用
function bar() // Note the missing &
{
$a = 5;
return $a;
}
foo(bar()); // 自 PHP 5.0.5 起导致致命错误
foo($a = 5) // 表达式,不是变量
foo(5) // 导致致命错误
?>
test2.php
复制代码 代码如下:
function test(&$a)
{
$a=$a+100;
}
$b=1;
echo $b;//输出1
test($b); //这里$b传递给函数的其实是$b的变量内容所处的内存地址,通过在函数里改变$a的值 就可以改变$b的值了
echo "
";
echo $b;//输出101
/*****************************
*
* 这里需要注意 call_user_func_array 后的参数是需要 &
*
* ****************************/
//上面的“ test($b); ” 中的$b前面不要加 & 符号,但是在函数“call_user_func_array”中,若要引用传参,就得需要 & 符号,如下代码所示:
function a(&$b){
$b++;
}
$c=0;
call_user_func_array('a',array(&$c));
echo $c;
//输出 1
?>
引用返回
引用返回用在当想用函数找到引用应该被绑定在哪一个变量上面时。不要用返回引用来增加性能,引擎足够聪明来自己进行优化。仅在有合理的技术原因时才返回引用!要返回引用,使用此语法
复制代码 代码如下:
function &test()
{
static $b=0;//申明一个静态变量
$b=$b+1;
echo $b;
return $b;
}
$a=test();//这条语句会输出 $b的值 为1
$a=5;
$a=test();//这条语句会输出 $b的值 为2
$a=&test();//这条语句会输出 $b的值 为3 这里将return $b中的 $b变量的内存地址与$a变量的内存地址 指向了同一个地方
$a=5; //已经改变了 return $b中的 $b变量的值
$a=test();//这条语句会输出 $b的值 为6
?>
解释:
通过这种方式$a=test();得到的其实不是函数的引用返回,这跟普通的函数调用没有区别 至于原因: 这是PHP的规定
php规定通过$a=&test(); 方式得到的才是函数的引用返回
至于什么是引用返回呢(php手册上说:引用返回用在当想用函数找到引用应该被绑定在哪一个变量上面时。) 这句狗屁话 害我半天没看懂
用上面的例子来解释就是
$a=test()方式调用函数,只是将函数的值赋给$a而已, 而$a做任何改变 都不会影响到函数中的$b
而通过$a=&test()方式调用函数呢, 他的作用是 将return $b中的 $b变量的内存地址与$a变量的内存地址 指向了同一个地方
即产生了相当于这样的效果($a=&$b;) 所以改变$a的值 也同时改变了$b的值 所以在执行了
$a=&test();
$a=5;
以后,$b的值变为了5
这里是为了让大家理解函数的引用返回才使用静态变量的,其实函数的引用返回多用在对象中
在举一个有意思的例子是在oschina上看到的:
复制代码 代码如下:
$a = array('abe','ben','cam');
foreach ($a as $k=>&$n)
$n = strtoupper($n);
foreach ($a as $k=>$n) // notice NO reference here!
echo "$nn";
print_r($a);
?>
will result in:
ABE
BEN
BEN
Array
(
[0] => ABE
[1] => BEN
[2] => BEN
)
解释: 在第二个foreach中循环如下:
Array
(
[0] => ABE
[1] => BEN
[2] => ABE
)
Array
(
[0] => ABE
[1] => BEN
[2] => BEN
)
Array
(
[0] => ABE
[1] => BEN
[2] => BEN
)
因为没有unset($n),所以它始终指向数组的最后一个元素,第二个foreach里第一次循环把$n,也就是$a[2]改成了ABE,第二次循环改成了BEN,第三次就也是BEN了。

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