css 绝对定位absolute和相对定位relative实例讲解
一、如果元素的position属性值为absolute,那么此时分为两种情况:
1. 父级(包括直接父级和间接父级)元素中没有定义position属性(即默认属性static),那么该元素会参照页面,以页面为基准进行定位,top, left等属性会参照页面。
如果该元素的width和height属性是百分数的话,那么这两个属性也是参照页面的宽度和高度。
<code class="html"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <style> *{margin: 0; padding: 0;} #div1 { width: 200px; height: 200px; background: #ccc; } #div2 { width: 50%; height: 50%; background: #aaa; top: 100px; left: 100px; position: absolute; } </style> <div id="div1"> <div id="div2"></div> </div> </code>
以上代码中,div2是绝对定位,而其父级元素没有设置position属性,那么该元素就会以页面为参照进行定位。
大家可以把上面实例代码复制到这里运行一下,查看一下效果。
从运行效果可以看到,div2是相对于页面定位的,而且其宽度和高度是页面宽高的一半。
2. 父级元素定义了position属性(relative或absolute),则会参照父级元素。
<code class="html"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <style> *{margin: 0; padding: 0;} #div1 { width: 200px; height: 200px; background: #ccc; position: relative; top: 100px; left: 100px; } #div2 { width: 50%; height: 50%; background: #aaa; top: 100px; left: 100px; position: absolute; } </style> <div id="div1"> div1 <div id="div2">div2</div> </div> </code>
大家可以把上面实例代码复制到这里运行一下,查看一下效果。
从运行效果可以看到,div2是相对于div1定位的,宽度和高度也是相对于div1
二、如果元素的position属性值为relative,那么该元素相对于其正常位置(即position:static)定位。
默认情况下宽度会占满父容器,高度根据本身内容决定。当是父元素的第一个子元素时,位置会在父元素的左上角。
那么设置其位置和大小就会以自己为参照,height的情况特殊,当设置height时,会以充满父容器的状态为参照。
<code class="html"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <style> *{margin: 0; padding: 0;} #div1 { width: 100px; height: 100px; background: #ccc; } #div2 { width: 50%; height: 50%; background: #aaa; top: 100px; left: 100px; position: relative; } </style> <div id="div1"> <div id="div2"></div> </div> </code>

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