Golang read and write separation solution

Preface

In traditional Web development architecture, the data layer and application layer are usually coupled together. The problem with this architectural approach is that developers are also responsible for the data storage logic while writing applications. This tightly coupled architecture will cause trouble in development and maintenance. In this case, the read-write separation architecture came into being.

The purpose of the read-write separation architecture is to separate reading and writing, and place read operations and write operations on different database servers, so that the load of read and write operations can be handled separately, thereby improving system performance. and scalability.

This article will introduce the solution of using Go language to achieve separation of reading and writing.

Project Introduction

Project Background

In Web applications, the frequency of read operations is much higher than that of write operations. Therefore, in order to improve the performance of database read operations, we can process read and write operations separately. Read operations can usually be performed concurrently, and multiple slave libraries can be used to handle concurrent requests, thereby improving the read performance of the system.

Solution idea

In order to achieve read-write separation, we need to use master-slave replication. In this approach, we use a master library to handle write operations, and then use multiple slave libraries to handle read operations. Data will be synchronized between the master database and the slave database, thus ensuring data consistency.

At the same time, in order to improve system performance, we can use caching at the application level to reduce the pressure on the database. This reduces the number of accesses to the database, thereby improving system performance.

Detailed implementation of the plan

We used Go language to implement a simple read-write separation solution, using MySQL as the database and Redis as the cache.

In this implementation, we use one master library and two slave libraries. The master library is used to handle write operations, while the slave library is used to handle read operations. At the same time, we use Redis as a cache to reduce the pressure on the database.

This sample application is a simple blogging application. Users can use this application to create, edit and delete blogs, as well as view blogs created by other users. In this application, read operations handle the majority of requests, while write operations are less common.

Use MySQL to implement master-slave replication

First, we need to configure master-slave replication on MySQL. Here we use two MySQL servers, one as the main database and one as the slave database.

We first need to create a Replication account on the main database and give it replication permissions. Then, we need to perform a full copy on the slave database to ensure that the data in the slave database and the master database are consistent. After that, we need to set the slave library as the slave library of the main library.

In the Go code, we can use three different connection strings to connect the two databases.

Using Redis to implement caching

In our sample application, we used Redis as the cache. We used a Redis client library to connect to the Redis server and a cache to store a list of recent blogs.

We wrote a simple cache implementation in Go code, which uses Redis as the underlying storage. Whenever we need to get a list of blogs, we first try to get the data from the cache. If there is no data in the cache, the data is fetched from the database and then added to the cache.

Implementing read-write separation of master-slave replication

Now, we have implemented master-slave replication on MySQL and implemented caching on Redis. We can use these two infrastructures to achieve read and write separation.

In order to achieve read and write separation, we need to write some code in the application to distinguish read operations and write operations. We can then send read operations to the slave library and write operations to the master library.

We can use a separate connection to handle write operations. When we need to perform a write operation, we can use the main database connection to create a new MySQL transaction to handle the write operation. At the same time, in order to ensure data consistency, we need to synchronize data between the master database and the slave database.

Then, we can use multiple slave library connections to handle read operations. When we need to read data, we can read it from one of the slave libraries. Since the data between slave libraries is synchronized, we can read data from any slave library.

Notes

• Master-slave replication requires some additional configuration and settings. Special care needs to be taken when configuring master-slave replication on MySQL, as misconfiguration may lead to data inconsistency.
• Cache should use appropriate expiration time. Otherwise, the data in the cache may be inconsistent. Since the consistency issue of read-write separation is more complex, special attention needs to be paid to caching.
• The application needs to distinguish between read operations and write operations. Otherwise, write operations may be sent to the slave library, or read operations may be sent to the master library, resulting in performance degradation.

Summarize

In this article, we introduce the read-write separation solution implemented using Go language. We first used MySQL for master-slave replication, and used Redis as a cache to improve system performance. We then wrote some code to switch the targets of read operations and write operations, sending read operations to the slave library and write operations to the master library. Finally, we also provide some notes to help you use this architectural approach.

The read-write separation architecture can improve the performance and scalability of the system. However, this architectural approach requires developers to have a deeper understanding of the system and database. Therefore, during the design and development phases, architectural and design details need to be carefully considered to avoid performance and scalability issues due to architectural issues.

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