How to split string in Java
使用方法
split 方法的一种声明为,
public String[] split(String regex)
其中 regex 指的是正则表达式分隔符,我们平时使用单个字符作为分隔符,其实可以看作特殊的正则表达式,特殊之处在于这种表达式只匹配它自身,如 "-" 只匹配 "-", 示例如下:
String string = "86-15003455666"; String[] parts = string.split("-"); String part1 = parts[0]; // 86 String part2 = parts[1]; // 15003455666
split 方法的另一个声明为:
public String[] split(String regex, int limit)
regex 指的是 正则表达式分隔符,limit 指定的则是分割的份数,举个例子就明白了
String string = "004-556-42"; String[] parts = string.split("-", 2); // 限定分割两份 String part1 = parts[0]; // 004 String part2 = parts[1]; // 556-42
而在某些场景下,我们可能想要在结果中保留分隔符,这也是可以做到了设置分隔符与分割后左侧的结果相连,
String string = "86-15003455666"; String[] parts = string.split("(?<p>设置分隔符与分割后右侧的结果相连,</p><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">String string = "86-15003455666"; String[] parts = string.split("(?=-)"); String part1 = parts[0]; // 86 String part2 = parts[1]; // -15003455666
机智的你可能已经发现了,其实分割方法的精妙之处,全在于正则表达式 regex 的设置,正则表达式还是要好好学习的!
妙用正则表达式
在实际的工作场景中,对于要分割的字符串,我们在分割之前,往往需要校验下它的格式,只有符合我们的要求,我们才对它进行拆分处理。而使用 Pattern 类加 Matcher 类,可以使字符串的格式识别和分割操作一气呵成:
public class SplitExample { //\d代表数字,+代表出现一次或多次。所以(\\d+)-(\\d+)匹配用"-"相连的两个数字串 // Pattern 对象是正则表达式的编译表示 private static Pattern twopart = Pattern.compile("(\\d+)-(\\d+)"); public static void checkString(String s) { // Matcher对象对输入字符串进行解释和匹配操作 Matcher m = twopart.matcher(s); if (m.matches()) { //m.group(1) 和 m.group(2) 存储分割后的子串 System.out.println(s + " matches; first part is " + m.group(1) + ", second part is " + m.group(2) + "."); } else { System.out.println(s + " does not match."); } } public static void main(String[] args) { checkString("123-4567"); // 匹配 checkString("s-tar"); // 字母序列,不匹配 checkString("123-"); // "-"右侧的数字串为空,不匹配 checkString("-4567"); // "-"左侧的数字串为空,不匹配 checkString("123-4567-890"); // 存在两个"-",不匹配 } }
上述程序的运行结果为:
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