php中的cookie
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cookie 是一种在远程浏览器端储存数据并以此来跟踪和识别用户的机制。
PHP在http协议的头信息里发送cookie, 因此 setcookie() 函数必须在其它信息被输出到浏览器前调用,这和对 header() 函数的限制类似。
1.1 设置cookie:
可以用 setcookie() 或 setrawcookie() 函数来设置 cookie。也可以通过向客户端直接发送http头来设置.
1.1.1 使用setcookie()函数设置cookie:
bool setcookie ( string name [, string value [, int expire [, string path [, string domain [, bool secure [, bool httponly]]]]]] )
name: cookie变量名
value: cookie变量的值
expire: 有效期结束的时间,
path: 有效目录,
domain: 有效域名,顶级域唯一
secure: 如果值为1,则cookie只能在https连接上有效,如果为默认值0,则http和https都可以.
例子:
$value = 'something from somewhere';
setcookie("TestCookie", $value); /* 简单cookie设置 */
setcookie("TestCookie", $value, time()+3600); /* 有效期1个小时 */
setcookie("TestCookie", $value, time()+3600, "/~rasmus/", ".example.com", 1); /* 有效目录 /~rasmus,有效域名example.com及其所有子域名 */
?>
设置多个cookie变量: setcookie('var[a]','value');用数组来表示变量,但他的下标不用引号.这样就可以用$_COOKIE[‘var’][‘a’]来读取该COOKIE变量.
1.1.2. 使用header()设置cookie;
header("Set-Cookie: name=$value[;path=$path[;domain=xxx.com[;...]]");
后面的参数和上面列出setcookie函数的参数一样.
比如:
$value = 'something from somewhere';
header("Set-Cookie:name=$value");
1.2 Cookie的读取:
直接用php内置超级全局变量 $_COOKIE就可以读取浏览器端的cookie.
上面例子中设置了cookie"TestCookie",现在我们来读取:
print $_COOKIE['TestCookie'];
COOKIE是不是被输出了?!
1.3 删除cookie
只需把有效时间设为小于当前时间, 和把值设置为空.例如:
setcookie("name","",time()-1);
用header()类似.
1.4 常见问题解决:
1) 用setcookie()时有错误提示,可能是因为调用setcookie()前面有输出或空格.也可能你的文档使从其他字符集转换过来,文档后面可能带有BOM签名(就是在文件内容添加一些隐藏的BOM字符).解决的办法就是使你的文档不出现这种情况.还有通过使用ob_start()函数有也能处理一点.
2) $_COOKIE受magic_quotes_gpc影响,可能自动转义
3) 使用的时候,有必要测试用户是否支持cookie

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