glob 介绍
glob 最早是出现在类Unix系统的命令行中, 是用来匹配文件路径的。比如,lib/**/*.js 匹配 lib 目录下所有的 js 文件。
除了在命令行中,我们在程序中也会有匹配文件路径的需求。于是,很多编程语言有了对 glob 的实现 ,如 Python 中的 glob 模块; php 中的 glob 方法。
有了 glob,匹配文件路径变的 so easy~
oh-my-glob
使用场景
任务管理
如,我们要将 lib 目录下所有的 js 文件下都进行压缩。我们用 Gulp 可以这么写:
var uglify = require('gulp-uglify'); gulp.task('compress', function() { return gulp.src('lib/**/*.js') // 选则 lib 下的所有 js 文件 .pipe(uglify()) // 压缩 .pipe(gulp.dest('dist')); // 将压缩后的文件输出到 dist 目录下});
命令行
命令行中很多命令都可以用 glob。 如
grep '学习' *.md
上面目录做的是,从当前目录中查找文件内容中包含"学习",并且文件格式为 md 的文件。
匹配规则
不同语言的 glob 库支持的规则会略有不同。下面是 node-glob 的匹配规则。
- * 匹配任意 0 或多个任意字符
- ? 匹配任意一个字符
- [...] 若字符在中括号中,则匹配。若以 ! 或 ^ 开头,若字符不在中括号中,则匹配
- !(pattern|pattern|pattern) 不满足括号中的所有模式则匹配
- ?(pattern|pattern|pattern) 满足 0 或 1 括号中的模式则匹配
- +(pattern|pattern|pattern) 满足 1 或 更多括号中的模式则匹配
- *(a|b|c) 满足 0 或 更多括号中的模式则匹配
- @(pattern|pat*|pat?erN) 满足 1 个括号中的模式则匹配
- ** 跨路径匹配任意字符
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