Home php教程 php手册 详细介绍Session在PHP中的使用(1)

详细介绍Session在PHP中的使用(1)

Jun 13, 2016 am 11:13 AM
cookie php session introduce use exist right develop yes detailed

PHP开发中对比起Cookie,session 是存储在服务器端的会话,相对安全,并且不像 Cookie 那样有存储长度限制。下面则是对Session的介绍。

php中的Session与Cookie

在PHP开发中对比起Cookie,session 是存储在服务器端的会话,相对安全,并且不像 Cookie 那样有存储长度限制,本文简单介绍 session 的使用。

由于 Session 是以文本文件形式存储在服务器端的,所以不怕客户端修改 Session 内容。实际上在服务器端的 Session 文件,PHP 自动修改 session 文件的权限,只保留了系统读和写权限,而且不能通过 ftp 修改,所以安全得多。

对于 Cookie 来说,假设我们要验证用户是否登陆,就必须在 Cookie 中保存用户名和密码(可能是 md5 加密后字符串),并在每次请求页面的时候进行验证。如果用户名和密码存储在数据库,每次都要执行一次数据库查询,给数据库造成多余的负担。因为我们并不能只做一次验证。为什么呢?因为客户端 Cookie 中的信息是有可能被修改的。假如你存储 $admin 变量来表示用户是否登陆,$admin 为 true 的时候表示登陆,为 false 的时候表示未登录,在第一次通过验证后将 $admin 等于 true 存储在 Cookie,下次就不用验证了,这样对么?错了,假如有人伪造一个值为 true 的 $admin 变量那不是就立即取的了管理权限么?非常的不安全。

而 Session 就不同了,Session 是存储在服务器端的,远程用户没办法修改 session 文件的内容,因此我们可以单纯存储一个 $admin 变量来判断是否登陆,首次验证通过后设置 $admin 值为 true,以后判断该值是否为 true,假如不是,转入登陆界面,这样就可以减少很多数据库操作了。而且可以减少每次为了验证 Cookie 而传递密码的不安全性了(session 验证只需要传递一次,假如你没有使用 SSL 安全协议的话)。即使密码进行了 md5 加密,也是很容易被截获的。

当然使用 session 还有很多优点,比如控制容易,可以按照用户自定义存储等(存储于数据库)。我这里就不多说了。

session 在 php.ini 是否需要设置呢?一般不需要的,因为并不是每个人都有修改 PHP.ini 的权限,默认 session 的存放路径是服务器的系统临时文件夹,我们可以自定义存放在自己的文件夹里,这个稍后我会介绍。

Php如何创建Session

开始介绍如何创建 session。非常简单,真的。

启动 session 会话,并创建一个 $admin 变量:

<ol class="dp-c">
<li class="alt"><span><span class="comment">// 启动 session session_start();  </span><span> </span></span></li>
<li>
<span class="comment">// 声明一个名为 admin 的变量,并赋空值。  </span><span> </span>
</li>
<li class="alt">
<span class="vars">$_session</span><span>[</span><span class="string">"admin"</span><span>] = null;   </span>
</li>
<li><span>?>   </span></li>
</ol>
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如果你使用了 Session,或者该 PHP 文件要调用 Session 变量,那么就必须在调用 Session 之前启动它,使用 session_start() 函数。其它都不需要你设置了,PHP 自动完成 session 文件的创建。

执行完这个程序后,我们可以到系统临时文件夹找到这个 session 文件,一般文件名形如:sess_4c83638b3b0dbf65583181c2f89168ec,后面是 32 位编码后的随机字符串。用编辑器打开它,看一下它的内容:

<ol class="dp-c"><li class="alt"><span><span>admin|N; </span></span></li></ol>
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