如何高效优化PHP代码解析损耗
程序员们在进行
发现用在PHP的语法解析上的损耗占了很大比重,如果用valgrind看他的C调用的话,就会发现大约50%的时间被用在lex&yacc上面。也就是由PHP代码转成opcode的部分。即PHP代码解析损耗。
这个方面PHP代码解析损耗的优化极限目标是: 一个访问只运行一个PHP文件,并且这个文件里不包含任何与这个流程无关的代码。
如何兼顾代码结构容易理解和性能是个挑战
我们的处理思路是,通过类似smarty的编译系统,将访问编译成一个个文件:因为shopex是mvc的结构,那么编译粒度就每个控制器的方法对应一个流程文件。
当控制器第一次调用时,通过一种方法监控流经的每个model-method,子过程等等,最后抽取剥离出来,加上公用的数据库连接函数,配置文件等等一起组合成一个单一的终极PHP文件。
至于缓存的更新基本就是版本的更新,每次升级的时候。touch一个cachestat文件的最后修改时间即可。
那么实现的挑战有两个:
* 一个叫model的函数化 (这样叫很酷,有点像虚的死神化) 。是弱化model层对象特性,让类退化为仅是函数的容器,减少继承,重载这些应用。
* 二是实现一个自己的编译引擎。
上面两条最新的shopex485已经走了很远了,商品和订单的函数都已经拆分了。第二个PHP代码解析损耗的解决办法是我们自己实现了一个叫tramsy的解析器( 翻转(smart)+y ),特点是把大量的插件改成了编译型。强化了编译插件的特性,增加了一种编译型modifier的插件类型。并且提出了变量预绑定的概念:
<ol class="dp-xml"> <li class="alt"><span><span>{if $</span><span class="attribute">var</span><span>=</span><span class="attribute-value">1</span><span>} </span></span></li> <li><span>yes </span></li> <li class="alt"> <span>{elseif $</span><span class="attribute">var</span><span>=</span><span class="attribute-value">2</span><span>} </span> </li> <li><span>no </span></li> <li class="alt"><span>{else} </span></li> <li><span>what? </span></li> <li class="alt"><span>{/if} </span></li> </ol>
如果是原生的smarty,生成的代码是:
<ol class="dp-xml"> <li class="alt"><span><span>vars['var']==1){ </span><span class="tag">?></span><span> </span></span></li> <li><span>yes </span></li> <li class="alt"> <span>vars['var']==2){ </span><span class="tag">?></span><span> </span> </li> <li><span>no </span></li> <li class="alt"><span>what? </span></li> </ol>
如果在tramsy里,程序员预测var一定是1,并且有把握在其值改变的时候系统自动清除模板缓存,就可以把他设置为”预绑定变量”
那么最终生成的代码就是:
no
这个设计大约减少了一倍多的编译结果。性能提升了大约20%,极大的优化了PHP代码解析损耗。

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