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php调试利器之phpdbg安装配置详解

Jun 08, 2016 pm 05:21 PM
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下面一聚教程小编为各位带来关于php调试利器之phpdbg安装配置详解了,PHPDBG是一个PHP的SAPI模块,可以在不用修改代码和不影响性能的情况下控制PHP的运行环境,下面来看看。

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PHPDBG的目标是成为一个轻量级、强大、易用的PHP调试平台。可以在PHP5.4和之上版本中使用。在php5.6和之上版本将内部集成。

主要功能:

– 单步调试
– 灵活的下断点方式(类方法、函数、文件:行、内存地址、opcode)
– 可直接调用php的eval
– 可以查看当前执行的代码
– 用户空间API(userland/user space)
– 方便集成
– 支持指定php配置文件
– JIT全局变量
– readline支持(可选),终端操作更方便
– 远程debug,使用java GUI
– 操作简便(具体看help)

安装

为了使用phpdgb,你首先需要下载一个php的源码包。然后下载phpdgb的源码包,并放在php源码包的sapi目录下。最后,你就可以执行命令安装了。编译安装示例如下:
假设我们已经下载php的源码包,并放在了/home/php目录下。
 

 代码如下 复制代码
#cd /home/php/sapi
#git clone https://github.com/krakjoe/phpdbg
#cd ../
#./buildconf --force
#./config.nice
#make -j8
#make install-phpdbg

注意:
1、如果你的php版本是php5.6或者更高的版本,phpdbg已经集成在php的代码包中,无需单独下载了。
2、编译参数中记得要加 –enable-phpdbg。
3、编译时参数,–with-readline 可以选择性添加。如果不添加,phpdbg的history等功能无法使用。

基本使用

参数介绍

phpdbg是php的一个sapi,它可以以命令行的方式调试php。常用参数如下:
The following switches are implemented (just like cli SAPI):
-n ignore php ini
-c search for php ini in path
-z load zend extension
-d define php ini entry
The following switches change the default behaviour of phpdbg:
-v disables quietness
-s enabled stepping
-e sets execution context
-b boring – disables use of colour on the console
-I ignore .phpdbginit (default init file)
-i override .phpgdbinit location (implies -I)
-O set oplog output file
-q do not print banner on startup
-r jump straight to run
-E enable step through eval()
Note: passing -rr will cause phpdbg to quit after execution, rather than returning to the console

常用功能

之前我们介绍过gdb工具。其实phpdbg和gdb功能有些地方非常相似。如,可以设置断点,可以单步执行,等。只是他们调试的语言不一样,gdb侧重于调试c或者c++语言,而phpdbg侧重于调试php语言。下面我们将对phpdbg的一些常用调试功能做下介绍。
要调试的代码如下:
文件test_phpdbg_inc.php源代码如下:
 

 代码如下 复制代码

文件test_phpdgb.php的源代码如下:
 
 代码如下 复制代码
func(1);
func();
phpdbg_inc_func();
?>

启动phpdbg

phpdbg安装成功后,会在安装目录的bin目录下。进入bin目录,直接输入phpdbg即可。如下:
 

 代码如下 复制代码
#phpdeg
[Welcome to phpdbg, the interactive PHP debugger, v0.4.0]
To get help using phpdbg type "help" and press enter
[Please report bugs to ]
prompt>

要想加载要调试的php脚本,只需要执行exec命令即可。如下:
 

 代码如下 复制代码
#phpdbg
......
prompt> exec ./test_phpdbg.php

当然我们也可以在启动phpdbg的时候,指定e参数。如下:

 代码如下 复制代码
#phpdbg -e ./test_phpdbg.php

查看帮助信息

如果你之前使用过其他的调试工具,你会发现phpdbg和他们比较相似。但是,你使用初期,还是会经常需要获取帮助信息。通过help命令我们可以获取帮助信息。
 

 代码如下 复制代码
......
prompt> help
 
phpdbg is a lightweight, powerful and easy to use debugging platform for PHP5.4+
It supports the following commands:
 
Information
  list     list PHP source
......

设置断点
设置断点的命令和gdb一样。都是break,简写形式为b。不过具体的命令参数还是有所差异的。和gdb的断点命令相同之处,它们都可以“按文件名:行号” 或者 行号的方式设置断点。除此之外,phpdbg还提供了一些针对php特有的设置断点的方式。如,根据opline设置断点,根据opcode设置断点等。
众所周知,php代码最终是解析成opcode,然后由php内核一条条执行。一条php语句,可能会解析成多条opcode。如果可以按opcode设置断点,我们就可以更精确的跟踪程序执行过程。下面我们来看看phapdbg设置断点的具体示例。
按opline设置断点:
这里所说的opline,就是以方法入口作为起点,当前代码的行号。如test_phpdgb.php文件中,第18行的代码“$param = $param + “baba”;”的opline就是 2。
 

 代码如下 复制代码
......
prompt> b func#2
prompt> r
demo::__construct:5
method func 2
[Breakpoint #0 resolved at func#2 (opline 0x7f5b230a2e38)]
[Breakpoint #0 resolved at func#2 (opline 0x7f5b230a2e38)]
[Breakpoint #0 resolved at func#2 (opline 0x7f5b230a2e38)]
[Breakpoint #0 in func()#2 at ./test_phpdbg.php:18, hits: 1]
>00018:     $param = $param + "baba";
 00019:     echo "function func $paramn";;
 00020: }

......
查看断点
和gdb一样,phpdbg也是使用info break命令查看断点。示例如下:
 
....

 代码如下 复制代码
prompt> info break
------------------------------------------------
File Breakpoints:
#1      /home/hailong.xhl/test_phpdbg.php:10
------------------------------------------------
Opline Breakpoints:
#0      7ff3219e1df0        (function breakpoint)
------------------------------------------------
Function opline Breakpoints:
#0      func opline 2

....
通过上面的显示,我们可以知道。info break的显示结果中会把断点的类型也给显示出来。#后面的数字是断点号。我们可以根据断点号删除断点。

删除断点

和gdb命令不一样。phpdbg的删除断点不是delete命令,而是break del 命令。示例如下:
 

 代码如下 复制代码
......
prompt> break del 1
[Deleted breakpoint #1]
prompt>

......
break del 后面的数字1就是断点号。
查看代码
phpdbg查看代码的命令也是list。但是和gdb相比,使用的方式更多样一些。
显示指定函数的代码:
 

 代码如下 复制代码

......
prompt> l f func
 00017:     $param = "ali";
 00018:     $param = $param + "baba";
 00019:     echo "function func $paramn";;
 00020: }
 00021:
prompt>

......
单步执行
phpdbg的单步执行只有一个命令 step。和gdb的step命令差不多。都是一行一行的执行代码。注意,phpdbg是没有next命令的。
 
....

 代码如下 复制代码
prompt> s
[Breakpoint #0 resolved at func#2 (opline 0x152ba40)]
[L19           0x152ba70 ZEND_ADD_STRING          C2      @0    ./test_phpdbg.php]
>00019:     echo "function func $paramn";;
 00020: }
 00021:

....
继续执行
和gdb一样,phpdbg的继续执行命令也是continue,简写形式为c。
执行php代码
这个是phpdbg的一个特色。可以在调试的过程中使用ev命令执行任意的php代码。如:
 

 代码如下 复制代码
......
prompt> ev $var = "val";
val
prompt> ev var_dump($var);
string(3) "val"

......
可以通过这种方式,在调试过程中动态的修改变量值,查看执行效果。

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