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mssql 数据库重命名及错误分析

Jun 07, 2016 pm 05:47 PM
database nbsp server sp sql

mssql 重命名及错误分析

1. 查看数据库的版本    
   select @@version
   常见的几种SQL SERVER打补丁后的版本号:
   8.00.194   Microsoft SQL Server 2000 
   8.00.384   Microsoft SQL Server 2000 SP1 
   8.00.532   Microsoft SQL Server 2000 SP2 
   8.00.760   Microsoft SQL Server 2000 SP3 
   8.00.818   Microsoft SQL Server 2000 SP3 w/ Cumulative Patch MS03-031 
   8.00.2039  Microsoft SQL Server 2000 SP4  
2. 查看数据库所在机器操作系统参数    
   exec master..xp_msver
3. 查看数据库启动的参数        
   sp_configure
4. 查看数据库启动时间        
   select convert(varchar(30),login_time,120) from master..sysprocesses

where spid=1
   查看数据库服务器名和实例名
   print 'Server Name...............: ' + convert(varchar(30),@@SERVERNAME) 

      
   print 'Instance..................: ' + convert(varchar(30),@@SERVICENAME)

     
5. 查看所有数据库名称及大小
   sp_helpdb
   重命名数据库用的SQL
   sp_renamedb 'old_dbname', 'new_dbname'
6. 查看所有数据库用户登录信息
   sp_helplogins
   查看所有数据库用户所属的角色信息    
   sp_helrvrolemember
   修复迁移服务器时孤立用户时,可以用的fix_orphan_user脚本或者LoneUser过程
   更改某个数据对象的用户属主
   sp_changeobjectowner [@objectname =] 'object', [@newowner =] 'owner'
   注意: 更改对象名的任一部分都可能破坏脚本和存储过程。
   把一台服务器上的数据库用户登录信息备份出来可以用add_login_to_aserver脚本
   查看某数据库下,对象级用户权限
   sp_helprotect
7. 查看链接服务器        
   sp_helplinkedsrvlogin
   查看远端数据库用户登录信息    
   sp_helpremotelogin
8.查看某数据库下某个数据对象的大小
   sp_spaceused @objname
   还可以用sp_toptables过程看最大的N(默认为50)个表
   查看某数据库下某个数据对象的索引信息
   sp_helpindex @objname
   还可以用SP_NChelpindex过程查看更详细的索引情况
   SP_NChelpindex @objname
   clustered索引是把记录按物理顺序排列的,索引占的空间比较少。 
   对键值DML操作十分频繁的表我建议用非clustered索引和约束,fillfactor参数都

用默认值。
   查看某数据库下某个数据对象的的约束信息
   sp_helpconstraint @objname
9.查看数据库里所有的存储过程和函数
   use @database_name
   sp_stored_procedures
   查看存储过程和函数的源代码
   sp_helptext '@procedure_name'
   查看包含某个字符串@str的数据对象名称
   select distinct object_name(id) from syscomments where text like '%@str%'
   创建加密的存储过程或函数在AS前面加WITH ENCRYPTION参数
   解密加密过的存储过程和函数可以用sp_decrypt过程
10.查看数据库里用户和进程的信息
   sp_who
   查看SQL Server数据库里的活动用户和进程的信息
   sp_who 'active'
   查看SQL Server数据库里的锁的情况
   sp_lock
   进程号1--50是SQL Server系统内部用的,进程号大于50的才是用户的连接进程.
   spid是进程编号,dbid是数据库编号,objid是数据对象编号
   查看进程正在执行的SQL语句
   dbcc inputbuffer ()
   推荐大家用经过改进后的sp_who3过程可以直接看到进程运行的SQL语句
   sp_who3
   检查死锁用sp_who_lock过程
   sp_who_lock    
11.查看和收缩数据库日志文件的方法
   查看所有数据库日志文件大小          
   dbcc sqlperf(logspace)
   如果某些日志文件较大,收缩简单恢复模式数据库日志,收缩后

@database_name_log的大小单位为M
   backup log @database_name with no_log
   dbcc shrinkfile (@database_name_log, 5)
12.分析SQL Server SQL 语句的方法:
   set statistics time {on | off}
   set statistics io {on | off}
   图形方式显示查询执行计划
   在查询分析器->查询->显示估计的评估计划(D)-Ctrl-L 或者点击工具栏里的图形
   文本方式显示查询执行计划
   set showplan_all {on | off}
   set showplan_text { on | off }
   set statistics profile { on | off }
13.出现不一致错误时,NT事件查看器里出3624号错误,修复数据库的方法
   先注释掉应用程序里引用的出现不一致性错误的表,然后在备份或其它机器上先恢

复然后做修复操作
   alter database [@error_database_name] set single_user
   修复出现不一致错误的表
   dbcc checktable('@error_table_name',repair_allow_data_loss)
   或者可惜选择修复出现不一致错误的小型数据库名
   dbcc checkdb('@error_database_name',repair_allow_data_loss)
   alter database [@error_database_name] set multi_user
   CHECKDB 有3个参数:
   repair_allow_data_loss 包括对行和页进行分配和取消分配以改正分配错误、结构

行或页的错误,以及删除已损坏的文本对象,这些修复可能会导致一些数据丢失。
   修复操作可以在用户事务下完成以允许用户回滚所做的更改。
   如果回滚修复,则数据库仍会含有错误,应该从备份进行恢复。
   如果由于所提供修复等级的缘故遗漏某个错误的修复,则将遗漏任何取决于该修复

的修复。
   修复完成后,请备份数据库。 
   repair_rest 进行小的、不耗时的修复操作,如修复非聚集索引中的附加键。
   这些修复可以很快完成,并且不会有丢失数据的危险。 
   repair_rebuild 执行由 repair_rest 完成的所有修复,包括需要较长时间的修复

(如重建索引)。
  执行这些修复时不会有丢失数据的危险。

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