[Oracle] 利用自治事务实现审计功能
在一个事务(外层事务)中可以定义一个或几个自治事务。自治事务可以独立commit,不对外层事务产生影响,同样外层事务的 rollback
在一个事务(外层事务)中可以定义一个或几个自治事务。自治事务可以独立commit,不对外层事务产生影响,同样外层事务的 rollback 也对自治事务没有影响。
假设现在有这样一个需求,不能对某个表进行某些操作(如更新),一旦有这类操作,就强制整个回滚,并且在审计日志中记录该次违规操作。现在的问题是当事务回滚之后,日志中的记录也会跟着被回滚,这时就可以利用自治事务来防止这个问题。
首先,,定义日志表,用于审计。
create table error_logs(
id number(10) not null,
log_timestamp timestamp not null,
error_message varchar2(4000)
);
create sequence error_log_seq;
创建一个自治事务的存储过程(关键字PRAGMA AUTONOMOUS_TRANSACTION代表自治事务),用于向审计表插入错误信息
create or replace procedure log_errors(p_error_message IN varchar2) as
PRAGMA AUTONOMOUS_TRANSACTION;
BEGIN
insert into error_logs (id, log_timestamp, error_message)
values (error_log_seq.NEXTVAL, systimestamp, p_error_message);
commit;
END;
/
创建一个测试表,定义该表的ID字段不为空
create table at_test(
id number(10) not null,
des varchar2(200)
);
定义一个存储过程,尝试向测试表中插入非法数据
create or replace procedure p1 as
BEGIN
insert into at_test (id, des)
values (1, 'desc1');
insert into at_test (id, des)
values (NULL, 'desc2');
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
log_errors (p_error_message => SQLERRM);
rollback;
END;
/
执行这个存储过程,查看是否审计成功
SQL> exec p1
PL/SQL 过程已成功完成。
SQL> select * from at_test;
未选定行
SQL> select * from error_logs;
ID LOG_TIMESTAMP ERROR_MESSAGE
---------- -------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------
2 28-5月 -13 03.34.51.210000 下午 ORA-01400: 无法将 NULL 插入 ("TEST"."AT_TEST"."ID")
从上面的结果可以发现,向at_test表插入数据的事务正常回滚,而审计自治事务不回滚。

Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress
AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover
Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool
Undress images for free

Clothoff.io
AI clothes remover

Video Face Swap
Swap faces in any video effortlessly with our completely free AI face swap tool!

Hot Article

Hot Tools

Notepad++7.3.1
Easy-to-use and free code editor

SublimeText3 Chinese version
Chinese version, very easy to use

Zend Studio 13.0.1
Powerful PHP integrated development environment

Dreamweaver CS6
Visual web development tools

SublimeText3 Mac version
God-level code editing software (SublimeText3)

Hot Topics











The main role of MySQL in web applications is to store and manage data. 1.MySQL efficiently processes user information, product catalogs, transaction records and other data. 2. Through SQL query, developers can extract information from the database to generate dynamic content. 3.MySQL works based on the client-server model to ensure acceptable query speed.

InnoDB uses redologs and undologs to ensure data consistency and reliability. 1.redologs record data page modification to ensure crash recovery and transaction persistence. 2.undologs records the original data value and supports transaction rollback and MVCC.

Compared with other programming languages, MySQL is mainly used to store and manage data, while other languages such as Python, Java, and C are used for logical processing and application development. MySQL is known for its high performance, scalability and cross-platform support, suitable for data management needs, while other languages have advantages in their respective fields such as data analytics, enterprise applications, and system programming.

MySQL index cardinality has a significant impact on query performance: 1. High cardinality index can more effectively narrow the data range and improve query efficiency; 2. Low cardinality index may lead to full table scanning and reduce query performance; 3. In joint index, high cardinality sequences should be placed in front to optimize query.

The basic operations of MySQL include creating databases, tables, and using SQL to perform CRUD operations on data. 1. Create a database: CREATEDATABASEmy_first_db; 2. Create a table: CREATETABLEbooks(idINTAUTO_INCREMENTPRIMARYKEY, titleVARCHAR(100)NOTNULL, authorVARCHAR(100)NOTNULL, published_yearINT); 3. Insert data: INSERTINTObooks(title, author, published_year)VA

MySQL is suitable for web applications and content management systems and is popular for its open source, high performance and ease of use. 1) Compared with PostgreSQL, MySQL performs better in simple queries and high concurrent read operations. 2) Compared with Oracle, MySQL is more popular among small and medium-sized enterprises because of its open source and low cost. 3) Compared with Microsoft SQL Server, MySQL is more suitable for cross-platform applications. 4) Unlike MongoDB, MySQL is more suitable for structured data and transaction processing.

InnoDBBufferPool reduces disk I/O by caching data and indexing pages, improving database performance. Its working principle includes: 1. Data reading: Read data from BufferPool; 2. Data writing: After modifying the data, write to BufferPool and refresh it to disk regularly; 3. Cache management: Use the LRU algorithm to manage cache pages; 4. Reading mechanism: Load adjacent data pages in advance. By sizing the BufferPool and using multiple instances, database performance can be optimized.

MySQL efficiently manages structured data through table structure and SQL query, and implements inter-table relationships through foreign keys. 1. Define the data format and type when creating a table. 2. Use foreign keys to establish relationships between tables. 3. Improve performance through indexing and query optimization. 4. Regularly backup and monitor databases to ensure data security and performance optimization.
