PHP的foreach中使用引用时需要注意的一个问题和解决方法_php实例
一、问题
先看一个例子:
$ar = array(1, 2, 3);
var_dump($ar);
foreach ($ar as &$v) {}
foreach ($ar as $v) {}
var_dump($ar);
?>
输出为:
array(3) {
[0]=>
int(1)
[1]=>
int(2)
[2]=>
int(3)
}
array(3) {
[0]=>
int(1)
[1]=>
int(2)
[2]=>
&int(2)
}
???为什么没有进行赋值操作,数组最后一个元素的值却发生了改变呢?
我早就发现了这个问题,一开始以为是 PHP 的 bug,就扔着没管它, foreach 中不使用引用就没事, 用 foreach $k => $v 然后 $ar[$k] 来改变原始数组, 略微损失点效率。
二、分析
今天花了点时间,看了 参考 中的文章, 算是稍微明白一点了,原来是这个样子的:
在执行第一个使用引用的 foreach 时, 一开始, $v 指向 $ar[0] 的存储空间,空间内存储着 1 , foreach 结束时, $v 指向 $ar[2] 的存储空间,空间内存储着 3 。 下面要开始执行第二个 foreach 了,注意和第一个 foreach 不同, 第二个 foreach 没有使用引用,那么就是赋值方式, 即将 $ar 的值依次 赋值 给 $v 。 进行到第一个元素时,要将 $ar[0] 赋值给 $v 。 问题就在这里,由于刚刚执行完第一个 foreach, $v 不是一个新变量,而是已经存在的、指向 $ar[2] 的那个 引用 , 如此一来,对 $v 进行赋值的时候,就将 $ar[0] = 1 写入了 $ar[2] 的实际存储空间, 相当于对 $ar[2] 进行赋值。 依此类推,第二个 foreach 执行的结果, 就是数组的最后一个元素变成了倒数第二个元素的值。 参考文章 2 中有详细的示意图。
如果说这是一个错误,那么错误的原因就在于对引用变量的使用。 当引用变量指向和其他变量时,改变引用变量的值当然会影响到他指向的其他变量。 单独说谁都明白,但在这个 foreach 例子中,凑巧了, 同一个变量两次被使用,前一次是引用的身份,后一次是普通变量身份, 就产生了意料之外的效果。 PHP 的开发者也认为,这种情况属于语言特性造成的,不是 bug。 的确,如果要修复这个问题,一种方法是对 foreach 进行特殊处理之外, 另外一种就是限制 foreach 中 $v 的作用域, 这两种方式都与目前 PHP 的语言特性不符,开发人员不愿改, 但还是在 官方文档 中用 Warning 进行了说明。
三、解决方法
简单,但谈不上完美,就是在使用了引用的 foreach 之后, unset 掉 $v , 开始的例子改为:
$ar = array(1, 2, 3);
var_dump($ar);
foreach ($ar as &$v) {}
unset($v);
foreach ($ar as $v) {}
var_dump($ar);
?>
运行结果:
array(3) {
[0]=>
int(1)
[1]=>
int(2)
[2]=>
int(3)
}
array(3) {
[0]=>
int(1)
[1]=>
int(2)
[2]=>
int(3)
}
参考
Bug #29992 foreach by reference corrupts the array:https://bugs.php.net/bug.php?id=29992
References and foreach:http://schlueters.de/blog/archives/141-References-and-foreach.html

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