2分钟搞清楚UML
现在我们带着4个简单的问题一起来了解UML… 1.什么是UML? 答:统一建模语言( Unified Modeling Language,简称 UML)是一个通用的可视化建模语言,用于对软件进行描述、可视化处理、构造和建立软件系统制品的文档。它记录了对必须构造的系统的决定和理解,
现在我们带着4个简单的问题一起来了解UML…
1.什么是UML?
答:统一建模语言(Unified Modeling Language,简称UML)是一个通用的可视化建模语言,用于对软件进行描述、可视化处理、构造和建立软件系统制品的文档。它记录了对必须构造的系统的决定和理解,可用于对系统的理解、设计、浏览、配置、维护和信息控制。UML 适用于各种软件开发方法、软件生命周期的各个阶段、各种应用领域以及各种开发工具,是一种总结了以往建模技术的经验并吸收当今优秀成果的标准建模方法。
2.UML的作用是什么?
答:UML描述了一个系统的静态结构和动态行为。UML将系统描述为一些离散的相互作用的对象并最终为外部用户提供一定功能的模型结构。静态结构定义了系统中重要对象的属性和操作以及这些对象之间的相互关系。动态行为定义了对象的时间特性和对象为完成目标而相互进行通信的机制。从不同但相互联系的角度对系统建立的模型可用于不同的目的。(下图很能说明)
通过对飞机进行建模——建立模型结构,使原本复杂的问题得以拆分、简化,实现分崩离析、各个击破。
下面将其作用列举如下:(1)捕获和精确表达项目的需求和应用领域中的有关知识,以使各方面的利益相关者能够理解并达成一致。
(2)软件系统的不同模型可以捕获关于这个软件的应用领域、使用方法、度量手段和构造模式等方面的需求信息。
(3)进行系统设计。建筑设计师可以用画在图纸上的模型图、存于计算机中的模型或实际的三维模型使自己的设计结果可视化,并用这些模型来做设计方面的试验。建造、修改一个小型模型比较简单,这使得设计人员不需花费什么代价就可以进行创造和革新。
(4)使具体的设计细节与需求分开。通常顾客对具体的设计细节并不关心,只要能满足他们的需要即可。
(5)组织、查找、过滤、重获、检查以及编辑大型系统的有关信息。方便地研究多种设计方案,这些设计方案共享一些公共信息。
3.建模的内容有哪些?
答:模型包含两个主要方面:语义方面的信息(语义)和可视化的表达方法(表示法)。语义方面用一套逻辑组件表达应用系统的含义,如类、关联、状态、用例和消息。可视化的表达方式以可使人观察、浏览和编辑的形式展示语义信息。
4.UML的视图有哪些?
答:
UML建模的启示:当面临一个比较困难的问题时,如果难度实在大,光是着急,没有用。不去多看,因为有时巨大的困难会把我们吓到。使我们低估自身的力量。反而此时应调整思想,将事情简单化思考。就像上图的造飞机,不要一次性造一整架飞机,将其拆分成若干零件。将现工艺水平不可能一次性造出飞机,变成了造出所有单个的零件组装而成飞机,成为最终的可能——有时,表明看起来,做的是南辕北辙的事情,却恰恰是解决问题的捷径。
两分钟,只能了解简单的介绍,若对UML表示有兴趣,请关注接下来的博文,我会通过UML的9种图尽量详细地描述。我是初学者,如果您也是初学者,相信在此你我都有所收获!欢迎吐槽!感谢您的到访!

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