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1.什么是会话控制

会话指的用户的浏览器与服务器的信息交互
会话控制就是指控制保存浏览器与服务器的通话状态，
会话控制分两种方式：cookie和session
cookie把信息保存在浏览器
session把信息保存在服务器

cookie保存在浏览器，session保存在服务器

设置和销毁cookie：

//setcookie(名称, 值, 过期时间);时间格式为时间戳
setcookie('username','admin', time()+60*10);
//获取cookie中的值
$_COOKIE['username'];
//销毁cookie,过去时间设置为过去时间
setcookie('username','admin', time()-10);

设置和销毁session：

//开启seeion会话
session_start();
//设置session
$_SESSION['username'] ='admin';
//获取session中的值
$_SESSION['username'];
//销毁session，可以使用session_destroy()、session_unset()
session_destroy();

3.实例演示

做一个演示页面，完成登录注册的功能
分别使用cookie和session两种方式保存登录信息

1.首页

<?php session_start();//开启session会话 ?>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8" />
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
    <title>首页</title>
    <style>
    body>nav {
        display: flex;
        flex-flow: row nowrap;
        justify-content: space-between;
        align-items: center;
        background-color: #400040;
        /* width: 93vw; */
        height: 80px;
        padding: 20px 60px;
    }
    a {
        text-decoration: none;
        color: aliceblue;
        font-size: 20px;
    }
    span>a {
        text-decoration: none;
        color: red;
        font-size: 18px;
    }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <!-- 导航栏 -->
    <nav>
        <a href="index.php">首页</a>
        <?php ///*使用cookie方式*/ if(isset($_COOKIE['nickname'])):?>
        <?php /*使用session方式*/ if(isset($_SESSION['nickname'])):?>
        <span><a href='#'>欢迎您！
                <?php //echo $_COOKIE['nickname'];?>
                <?php echo $_SESSION['nickname'];?>
            </a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="handle.php?act=logout">退出</a></span>
        <?php else:?>
        <a href='login.php'>登录/注册</a>
        <?php endif ?>
    </nav>
</body>
</html>

效果图
登录前：
登录后

2.登录页

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
  <head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8" />
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
    <title>登录</title>
    <style>
      body {
        display: grid;
        justify-content: center;
        align-items: center;
        background-image: url('bg1.jpg');
        background-size: 100vw 100vh;
      }
      .form {
        margin-top: 220px;
        width: 500px;
        height: 300px;
        background-color: #87a9c5;
        border-radius: 5%;
        display: flex;
        flex-flow: column nowrap;
        justify-content: space-around;
      }
      section {
        padding: 0 30px;
        display: flex;
        align-items: center;
        justify-content: center;
      }
      section > input {
        height: 40px;
        flex-grow: 1;
        font-size: 1.5em;
      }
      section > label,
      button {
        width: 80px;
        font-size: 1.5em;
        /* flex-grow: 3; */
      }
      .form>:last-of-type{
          margin-left: 30px ;
          display: flex;
        align-items: center;
        justify-content: space-evenly;
      }
    </style>
  </head>
  <body>
    <form action="handle.php?act=login" method="POST" class="form">
      <section>
        <label for="username">账号：</label
        ><input type="text" name="username" id="username" required/>
      </section>
      <section>
        <label for="password">密码：</label
        ><input type="password" name="password" id="password" required/>
      </section>
      <section>
        <button type="submit">登录</button>
        <span>没有账号？点击<a href="register.php">注册</a>
      </section>
    </form>
  </body>
</html>

效果图

3.注册页

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8" />
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
    <title>注册</title>
    <style>
    body {
        background-color: #d4f3d4;
        display: grid;
        justify-content: center;
        align-items: center;
        background-image: url();
    }
    .form {
        background-color: #acd6ac;
        border: 1px solid #cccccc;
        margin-top: 30px;
        width: 500px;
        height: 700px;
        /* background-color: #cad6ca; */
        border-radius: 2%;
        display: grid;
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
        grid-template-rows: repeat(9, 1fr);
    }
    section {
        height: 50px;
        /* border-bottom: 1px solid;
        border-top: 1px solid; */
        padding: 0 30px;
        display: flex;
        flex-flow: row nowrap;
        align-items: center;
        justify-content: center;
    }
    section>input {
        height: 30px;
        flex-grow: 1;
        font-size: 1.2em;
    }
    section>textarea {
        height: 60px;
        flex-grow: 1;
        resize: none;
    }
    section>label,
    button {
        color: rgb(105, 76, 55);
        width: 120px;
        font-size: 1.3em;
        text-align: center;
        /* flex-grow: 3; */
    }
    .form> :last-of-type {
        margin-left: 30px;
        display: flex;
        align-items: center;
        justify-content: space-evenly;
    }
    h2 {
        color: brown;
    }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <form action="handle.php?act=register" method="POST" class="form">
        <section>
            <h2>用户注册</h2>
        </section>
        <section>
            <label for="username">账号：</label><input type="text" name="username" id="username" autofocus />
        </section>
        <section>
            <label for="nickname">昵称：</label><input type="text" name="nickname" id="nickname" required />
        </section>
        <section>
            <label for="password1">密码：</label><input type="password" name="password1" id="password1" required />
        </section>
        <section>
            <label for="password2">重复密码：</label><input type="password" name="password2" id="password2" required />
        </section>
        <section>
            <label for="email">邮箱：</label><input type="email" name="email" id="email" required />
        </section>
        <section>
            <label for="phone">电话：</label><input type="tel" name="phone" id="phone" />
        </section>
        <section>
            <label for="replay">个人说明：</label><textarea type="text" name="replay" id="replay" /></textarea>
        </section>
        <section>
            <button type="submit">提交</button>
            <button type="reset">重置</button>
            <span>已有账号？<a href="login.php">去登录</a></span>
        </section>
    </form>
</body>
</html>

效果图

4.请求处理页

<?php
session_start();//开启session会话
if(!isset($_GET['act'])){
    exit('<script>alert("404!,未找到指向文件");location.href="index.php";</script>');
}
$dsn = "mysql:host=localhost;dbname=www.merchant.office;charset=utf8";
$sql_name = "merchant";
$sql_password = "merchant";
// $dsn,$sql_name,$sql_password
$action = $_GET['act'];
switch($action){
    case 'logout':
        setcookie('nickname',null,time()-10);//设置cookie过期,即销毁
        session_destroy();//删除session
        Header("location:index.php");
    break;
    case 'login' :
        if(isset($_POST['username'])){
            $username = $_POST['username'];
            $password = md5($_POST['password']);
            $sql = "select `nickname` from user where `username`='{$username}' and `password`='{$password}'";
            try{
                $pdo = new pdo($dsn,$sql_name,$sql_password);
                $stmt = $pdo->prepare($sql);
                $stmt->execute();
                $res = $stmt->fetchAll();
                if(!empty($res)){
                    setcookie('nickname',$res[0]['nickname'],time()+3600);//设置cookie
                    $_SESSION['nickname'] = $res[0]['nickname'];//设置session
                    header("location:index.php");
                }else{
                    exit('<script>alert("登录失败，请检查账号密码！");location.href="login.php";</script>');
                }
            }catch(Exception $e){
                $err  = $e->getMessage();
                exit("<script>alert('{$err}');location.href='login.php';</script>");
            }
        }else{
            exit('<script>alert("请正确输入用户名和密码！");location.href="login.php";</script>');
        }
    break;
    case 'register':
        if(isset($_POST['username'])&&isset($_POST['nickname'])&&$_POST['password1']===$_POST['password2']){
            extract($_POST);
            $time = time();
            $password=md5($_POST['password1']);
            $sql = "insert  user set `username`='{$username}',`password`='{$password}',
            `nickname`='{$nickname}',`email`='{$email}',`replay`='{$replay}',`phone`='{$phone}',`create_time`='{$time}',`update_time`='{$time}'";
            try{
                $pdo = new pdo($dsn,$sql_name,$sql_password);
                $stmt = $pdo->prepare($sql);
                $stmt->execute();
                if($stmt->rowCount()===1){
                    exit('<script>alert("注册成功");location.assign("login.php")</script>');
                }else{
                    exit('<script>alert("注册失败");location.assign("register.php")</script>');
                }
            }catch(Exception $e){
                $err  = $e->getMessage();
                exit("<script>alert('{$err}');location.href='register.php';</script>");
            }
        }else{
            exit('<script>alert("资料提交有误！");location.href="register.php";</script>');
        }
    break;
    default:
    exit('<script>alert("未知指令")</script>');
}

4. 总结

cookie和session都可以保存信息，只不过保存的位置不一样。
记录用户信息的状态，在多个页面跳转时使用能提升用户感受
cookie文件保存在用户本地，可能会被篡改，不用于保存重要信息

批改老师：

天蓬老师

批改状态：合格

老师批语：页面很用心, 逻辑正确

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作者最新博文

4月2日第二课 html基础知识

2020-04-03 00:09:19

1.什么是会话控制

2.cookie和session

3.实例演示

4. 总结