摘要：1.CSS 重置html, body, div, span, applet, object, iframe, h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, p, blockquote, pre, a, abbr, acronym, address, big, cite, code, del, dfn, em, img, ins, kbd, q, s, samp, small, strike, s
1.CSS 重置html, body, div, span, applet, object, iframe, h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, p, blockquote, pre, a, abbr, acronym, address, big, cite, code, del, dfn, em, img, ins, kbd, q, s, samp, small, strike, strong, sub, sup, tt, var, b, u, i, center, dl, dt, dd, ol, ul, li, fieldset, form, label, legend, table, caption, tbody, tfoot, thead, tr, th, td, article, aside, canvas, details, embed, figure, figcaption, footer, header, hgroup, menu, nav, output, ruby, section, summary, time, mark, audio, video {
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
border: 0;
font-size: 100%;
font: inherit;
vertical-align: baseline;
outline: none;
-webkit-box-sizing: border-box;
-moz-box-sizing: border-box;
box-sizing: border-box;
}
html { height: 101%; }
body { font-size: 62.5%; line-height: 1; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, sans-serif; }
article, aside, details, figcaption, figure, footer, header, hgroup, menu, nav, section { display: block; }
ol, ul { list-style: none; }
blockquote, q { quotes: none; }
blockquote:before, blockquote:after, q:before, q:after { content: ''; content: none; }
strong { font-weight: bold; }
table { border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0; }
img { border: 0; max-width: 100%; }
p { font-size: 1.2em; line-height: 1.0em; color: #333; }基本的CSS重置是网络上最常见的代码片段. 这是我自己定制的重置代码，它基于 Eric Meyer’s reset codes。里面有一些图片的设定以及为所有的核心元素定义边框, 保持适当的marings 和 padding.2.经典的 CSS Clearfix.clearfix:after { content: "."; display: block; clear: both; visibility: hidden; line-height: 0; height: 0; }
.clearfix { display: inline-block; }
html[xmlns] .clearfix { display: block; }
* html .clearfix { height: 1%; }2011年更新.clearfix:before, .container:after { content: ""; display: table; }
.clearfix:after { clear: both; }
/* IE 6/7 */
.clearfix { zoom: 1; }3.跨浏览器的透明度.transparent {
filter: alpha(opacity=50); /* internet explorer */
-khtml-opacity: 0.5; /* khtml, old safari */
-moz-opacity: 0.5; /* mozilla, netscape */
opacity: 0.5; /* fx, safari, opera */
}一些新的CSS3属性我们可能认为它适用于任何地方. 实际上不行,我们还得稍微调整下,透明度就是个例子. 加上这个filter属性来保证它能在IE游览器里正常运行.4.CSS 块引用模版blockquote {
background: #f9f9f9;
border-left: 10px solid #ccc;
margin: 1.5em 10px;
padding: .5em 10px;
quotes: "\201C""\201D""\2018""\2019";
}
blockquote:before {
color: #ccc;
content: open-quote;
font-size: 4em;
line-height: .1em;
margin-right: .25em;
vertical-align: -.4em;
}
blockquote p {
display: inline;
}不是所有的人都必须在他们的网站上使用blockquotes. 但是我认为这是一个很好的元素用于分离引用或是优化博客和网页上的重复内容. 上面的代码为你的blockquotes提供一个默认样式,这样你的内容就不会看起来单调乏味.5.个性的圆角#container {
-webkit-border-radius: 4px 3px 6px 10px;
-moz-border-radius: 4px 3px 6px 10px;
-o-border-radius: 4px 3px 6px 10px;
border-radius: 4px 3px 6px 10px;
}
/* alternative syntax broken into each line */
#container {
-webkit-border-top-left-radius: 4px;
-webkit-border-top-right-radius: 3px;
-webkit-border-bottom-right-radius: 6px;
-webkit-border-bottom-left-radius: 10px;
-moz-border-radius-topleft: 4px;
-moz-border-radius-topright: 3px;
-moz-border-radius-bottomright: 6px;
-moz-border-radius-bottomleft: 10px;
}大多数开发者都熟悉CSS3的圆角属性. 但是你知道如何为每个角设定不同的值吗? 上面的代码帮你搞定这个问题! 上面的两个版本都为你实现了这个效果,仔细研究下吧.6.一般媒体查询/* Smartphones (portrait and landscape) ----------- */
@media only screen
and (min-device-width : 320px) and (max-device-width : 480px) {
/* Styles */
}
/* Smartphones (landscape) ----------- */
@media only screen and (min-width : 321px) {
/* Styles */
}
/* Smartphones (portrait) ----------- */
@media only screen and (max-width : 320px) {
/* Styles */
}
/* iPads (portrait and landscape) ----------- */
@media only screen and (min-device-width : 768px) and (max-device-width : 1024px) {
/* Styles */
}
/* iPads (landscape) ----------- */
@media only screen and (min-device-width : 768px) and (max-device-width : 1024px) and (orientation : landscape) {
/* Styles */
}
/* iPads (portrait) ----------- */
@media only screen and (min-device-width : 768px) and (max-device-width : 1024px) and (orientation : portrait) {
/* Styles */
}
/* Desktops and laptops ----------- */
@media only screen and (min-width : 1224px) {
/* Styles */
}
/* Large screens ----------- */
@media only screen and (min-width : 1824px) {
/* Styles */
}
/* iPhone 4 ----------- */
@media only screen and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio:1.5), only screen and (min-device-pixel-ratio:1.5) {
/* Styles */
}这是一个很棒的模版，你能在CSS-Tricks找到其它零碎的媒体查询。不管怎样我已经把他们的例子全拷下来了，那里面包括了成吨的实际的移动设备。这些代码甚至能针对视网膜屏设备，使用最小设备像素比例7.现代字体栈/* Times New Roman-based serif */
font-family: Cambria, "Hoefler Text", Utopia, "Liberation Serif", "Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular", Times, "Times New Roman", serif;
/* A modern Georgia-based serif */
font-family: Constantia, "Lucida Bright", Lucidabright, "Lucida Serif", Lucida, "DejaVu Serif," "Bitstream Vera Serif", "Liberation Serif", Georgia, serif;
/*A more traditional Garamond-based serif */
font-family: "Palatino Linotype", Palatino, Palladio, "URW Palladio L", "Book Antiqua", Baskerville, "Bookman Old Style", "Bitstream Charter", "Nimbus Roman No9 L", Garamond, "Apple Garamond", "ITC Garamond Narrow", "New Century Schoolbook", "Century Schoolbook", "Century Schoolbook L", Georgia, serif;
/*The Helvetica/Arial-based sans serif */
font-family: Frutiger, "Frutiger Linotype", Univers, Calibri, "Gill Sans", "Gill Sans MT", "Myriad Pro", Myriad, "DejaVu Sans Condensed", "Liberation Sans", "Nimbus Sans L", Tahoma, Geneva, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
/*The Verdana-based sans serif */
font-family: Corbel, "Lucida Grande", "Lucida Sans Unicode", "Lucida Sans", "DejaVu Sans", "Bitstream Vera Sans", "Liberation Sans", Verdana, "Verdana Ref", sans-serif;
/*The Trebuchet-based sans serif */
font-family: "Segoe UI", Candara, "Bitstream Vera Sans", "DejaVu Sans", "Bitstream Vera Sans", "Trebuchet MS", Verdana, "Verdana Ref", sans-serif;
/*The heavier "Impact" sans serif */
font-family: Impact, Haettenschweiler, "Franklin Gothic Bold", Charcoal, "Helvetica Inserat", "Bitstream Vera Sans Bold", "Arial Black", sans-serif;
/*The monospace */
font-family: Consolas, "Andale Mono WT", "Andale Mono", "Lucida Console", "Lucida Sans Typewriter", "DejaVu Sans Mono", "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Liberation Mono", "Nimbus Mono L", Monaco, "Courier New", Courier, monospace;你很难为设计一个新的页面头脑风暴式的想出自己的CSS字体栈。我希望这一小片代码能减轻一些折磨，并给你一些可以着手开始的模版。如果你想找更多的例子，查看一下CSS 字体栈，这是我最喜欢的资源之一。8.自定义文本选择::selection { background: #e2eae2; }
::-moz-selection { background: #e2eae2; }
::-webkit-selection { background: #e2eae2; }一些新式的浏览器会允许你定义页面中的高亮颜色。默认这是设为淡蓝色的，但你可以设置任何投你所好的颜色值，这小片代码包括了典型的::selection目标以及专为Webkit和Mozilla的特定前缀。9.隐藏H1文本为Logo标志h1 {
text-indent: -9999px;
margin: 0 auto;
width: 320px;
height: 85px;
background: transparent url("images/logo.png") no-repeat scroll;
}我第一次注意到这个技术实现是在古老的Digg 布局 。为了SEO的目的，你也可以设置一个包含有你的站点名称的H1标签。但使用CSS我们能移走这个文本使它不可见，并用一个客制化的logo图片替换它10.polaroid图像边界img.polaroid {
background:#000; /*Change this to a background image or remove*/
border:solid #fff;
border-width:6px 6px 20px 6px;
box-shadow:1px 1px 5px #333; /* Standard blur at 5px. Increase for more depth */
-webkit-box-shadow:1px 1px 5px #333;
-moz-box-shadow:1px 1px 5px #333;
height:200px; /*Set to height of your image or desired div*/
width:200px; /*Set to width of your image or desired div*/
}应用这个基础的片段将使你能在你的图像上实现.polaroid 类。这将会创建老照片风格效果，带一个很宽的白边和一些淡淡的阴影。你要更新宽/高数值，以便和你的图片尺寸和网站布局相匹配。11.花式CSS3 Pull-引文.has-pullquote:before {
/* Reset metrics. */
padding: 0;
border: none;
/* Content */
content: attr(data-pullquote);
/* Pull out to the right, modular scale based margins. */
float: right;
width: 320px;
margin: 12px -140px 24px 36px;
/* Baseline correction */
position: relative;
top: 5px;
/* Typography (30px line-height equals 25% incremental leading) */
font-size: 23px;
line-height: 30px;
}
.pullquote-adelle:before {
font-family: "adelle-1", "adelle-2";
font-weight: 100;
top: 10px !important;
}
.pullquote-helvetica:before {
font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif;
font-weight: bold;
top: 7px !important;
}
.pullquote-facit:before {
font-family: "facitweb-1", "facitweb-2", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
font-weight: bold;
top: 7px !important;
}Pull-引文(Pull-quotes)与块引用(blockquotes)不同，它们出现在你的博客或者新闻文章的一边。这些引文经常从文章中引用文本，所以它们和块引用显示的稍许不一样。这些默认类具有一些基础的属性，带有3个可供选择的独特的字体类型。12..全屏背景和CSS3html {
background: url('images/bg.jpg') no-repeat center center fixed;
-webkit-background-size: cover;
-moz-background-size: cover;
-o-background-size: cover;
background-size: cover;
}我应该标注一下这个代码在不支持CSS3语法的老式浏览器中不会正确的工作。然而如果你是在寻找一个不需要关心遗留系统支持的快速的解决方案，这是你能找到的最好的代码段！给你网站背景增加很大的照片同时又能使它们能在你滚动的时候保持可变尺寸和固定不动。13.垂直居中内容.container {
min-height: 6.5em;
display: table-cell;
vertical-align: middle;
}使用 margin: 0 auto 技术，很容易就能使内嵌的内容位于你页面的水平正中。然而对垂直的文本要困难的多，尤其是考虑到滚动条和其它的方式。但这个是无需JavaScript就能完美无瑕工作的纯CSS解决方案。
