深入浅析 C++ 调用 Python 模块

<code class="language-cpp hljs ">#include "python/Python.h"
int main()
{
Py_Initialize(); ## 初始化
PyRun_SimpleString("print &#39;hello&#39;");
Py_Finalize(); ## 释放资源
}
</code>

<code class="language-python hljs ">def test_add(a, b):
print &#39;add &#39;, a, &#39; and &#39;, b
return a+b</code>

<code class="language-cpp hljs ">#include "python/Python.h"
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
Py_Initialize(); // 初始化
// 将Python工作路径切换到待调用模块所在目录，一定要保证路径名的正确性
string path = "~/test";
string chdir_cmd = string("sys.path.append(\"") + path + "\")";
const char* cstr_cmd = chdir_cmd.c_str();
PyRun_SimpleString("import sys");
PyRun_SimpleString(cstr_cmd);
// 加载模块
PyObject* moduleName = PyString_FromString("test"); //模块名，不是文件名
PyObject* pModule = PyImport_Import(moduleName);
if (!pModule) // 加载模块失败
{
cout << "[ERROR] Python get module failed." << endl;
return 0;
}
cout << "[INFO] Python get module succeed." << endl;
// 加载函数
PyObject* pv = PyObject_GetAttrString(pModule, "test_add");
if (!pv || !PyCallable_Check(pv)) // 验证是否加载成功
{
cout << "[ERROR] Can&#39;t find funftion (test_add)" << endl;
return 0;
}
cout << "[INFO] Get function (test_add) succeed." << endl;
// 设置参数
PyObject* args = PyTuple_New(2); // 2个参数
PyObject* arg1 = PyInt_FromLong(4); // 参数一设为4
PyObject* arg2 = PyInt_FromLong(3); // 参数二设为3
PyTuple_SetItem(args, 0, arg1);
PyTuple_SetItem(args, 1, arg2);
// 调用函数
PyObject* pRet = PyObject_CallObject(pv, args);
// 获取参数
if (pRet) // 验证是否调用成功
{
long result = PyInt_AsLong(pRet);
cout << "result:" << result;
}
Py_Finalize(); ## 释放资源
return 0;
}
</iostream></code>

<code class="language-cpp hljs ">PyObject* args = PyTuple_New(3);
PyObject* arg1 = Py_BuildValue("i", 100); // 整数参数
PyObject* arg2 = Py_BuildValue("f", 3.14); // 浮点数参数
PyObject* arg3 = Py_BuildValue("s", "hello"); // 字符串参数
PyTuple_SetItem(args, 0, arg1);
PyTuple_SetItem(args, 1, arg2);
PyTuple_SetItem(args, 2, arg3);</code>

<code class="language-cpp hljs ">PyObject* args = Py_BuildValue("ifs", 100, 3.14, "hello");
PyObject* args = Py_BuildValue("()"); // 无参函数</code>